diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-with-clang.yml b/.github/workflows/build-with-clang.yml
index 15d15578..87478d91 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build-with-clang.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-with-clang.yml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
 
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
+        python: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14", "3.14t"]
         numpy_version: ["'numpy>=2'"]
     env:
       ONEAPI_ROOT: /opt/intel/oneapi
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Install mkl_random dependencies
         run: |
-          pip install meson-python ninja cython cmake
+          pip install meson-python ninja "cython>=3.1.0" cmake
           pip install ${{ matrix.numpy_version }}
 
       - name: List oneAPI folder content
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-with-standard-clang.yml b/.github/workflows/build-with-standard-clang.yml
index 2a903b50..c2eed53e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build-with-standard-clang.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-with-standard-clang.yml
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
 
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
+        python: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14", "3.14t"]
         numpy_version: ["'numpy>=2'"]
 
     env:
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Install mkl_random dependencies
         run: |
-          pip install meson-python ninja cmake cython mkl-devel
+          pip install meson-python ninja cmake "cython>=3.1.0" mkl-devel
           pip install ${{ matrix.numpy_version }}
 
       - name: Build mkl_random
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build_pip.yml b/.github/workflows/build_pip.yml
index 0a145d11..0ed45f2a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build_pip.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build_pip.yml
@@ -18,8 +18,21 @@ jobs:
 
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
+        python: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
         use_pre: ["", "--pre"]
+        include:
+          - python: "3.14"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314"
+            use_pre: ""
+          - python: "3.14"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314"
+            use_pre: "--pre"
+          - python: "3.14"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314t"
+            use_pre: ""
+          - python: "3.14"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314t"
+            use_pre: "--pre"
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
@@ -36,11 +49,11 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Install MKL
         run: |
-          conda install mkl-devel
+          conda install mkl-devel "python=${{ matrix.python_spec || matrix.python }}"
 
       - name: Build with pip
         run: |
-          pip install --no-cache-dir meson-python ninja cmake cython
+          pip install --no-cache-dir meson-python ninja cmake "cython>=3.1.0"
           pip install --no-cache-dir numpy ${{ matrix.use_pre }}
           pip install -e . --no-build-isolation --no-deps --verbose
           pip install --no-cache-dir pytest
diff --git a/.github/workflows/conda-package-cf.yml b/.github/workflows/conda-package-cf.yml
index b76793d6..2dea67fb 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/conda-package-cf.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/conda-package-cf.yml
@@ -31,6 +31,12 @@ jobs:
             numpy: "2.3"
           - python: "3.14"
             numpy: "2.3"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314"
+            python_tag: "3.14"
+          - python: "3.14"
+            numpy: "2.3"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314t"
+            python_tag: "3.14t"
 
     steps:
       - name: Cancel Previous Runs
@@ -54,9 +60,9 @@ jobs:
         with:
           path: ~/.conda/pkgs
           key:
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('**/meta.yaml') }}
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('**/meta.yaml') }}
           restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-
             ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-
 
       - name: Add conda to system path
@@ -68,7 +74,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build conda package
         run: |
           CHANNELS=(-c conda-forge --override-channels)
-          VERSIONS=(--python "${{ matrix.python }}" --numpy "${{ matrix.numpy }}")
+          VERSIONS=(--python "${{ matrix.python_spec || matrix.python }}" --numpy "${{ matrix.numpy }}")
           TEST=(--no-test)
 
           conda build \
@@ -80,7 +86,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Upload artifact
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python }}
+          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}
           path: /usr/share/miniconda/conda-bld/linux-64/${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}-*.conda
 
   build_windows:
@@ -101,6 +107,12 @@ jobs:
             numpy: "2.3"
           - python: "3.14"
             numpy: "2.3"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314"
+            python_tag: "3.14"
+          - python: "3.14"
+            numpy: "2.3"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314t"
+            python_tag: "3.14t"
 
     env:
       conda-bld: C:\Miniconda\conda-bld\win-64\
@@ -130,9 +142,9 @@ jobs:
         with:
           path: /home/runner/conda_pkgs_dir
           key:
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('**/meta.yaml') }}
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('**/meta.yaml') }}
           restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-
             ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-
 
       - name: Store conda paths as envs
@@ -146,12 +158,12 @@ jobs:
           conda list -n base
 
       - name: Build conda package
-        run: conda build --no-test --python ${{ matrix.python }} --numpy ${{ matrix.numpy }} -c conda-forge --override-channels conda-recipe-cf
+        run: conda build --no-test --python "${{ matrix.python_spec || matrix.python }}" --numpy ${{ matrix.numpy }} -c conda-forge --override-channels conda-recipe-cf
 
       - name: Upload artifact
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python }}
+          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}
           path: ${{ env.CONDA_BLD }}${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}-*.conda
 
   test_linux:
@@ -171,6 +183,12 @@ jobs:
             numpy: "2.3"
           - python: "3.14"
             numpy: "2.3"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314"
+            python_tag: "3.14"
+          - python: "3.14"
+            numpy: "2.3"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314t"
+            python_tag: "3.14t"
 
     env:
       CHANNELS: -c conda-forge --override-channels
@@ -179,7 +197,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Download artifact
         uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
-          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python }}
+          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}
 
       - name: Add conda to system path
         run: echo "$CONDA/bin" >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
@@ -202,7 +220,7 @@ jobs:
           . "$CONDA/etc/profile.d/conda.sh"
           PACKAGE_VERSION="$(python -c "${VER_SCRIPT1} ${VER_SCRIPT2}")"
           export PACKAGE_VERSION
-          conda create -n "${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }}" "${PACKAGE_NAME}=${PACKAGE_VERSION}" "python=${{ matrix.python }}" "numpy=${{ matrix.numpy }}" -c "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/channel" -c conda-forge --override-channels --only-deps --dry-run > lockfile
+          conda create -n "${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }}" "${PACKAGE_NAME}=${PACKAGE_VERSION}" "python=${{ matrix.python_spec || matrix.python }}" "numpy=${{ matrix.numpy }}" -c "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/channel" -c conda-forge --override-channels --only-deps --dry-run > lockfile
           cat lockfile
 
       - name: Set pkgs_dirs
@@ -216,9 +234,9 @@ jobs:
         with:
           path: ~/.conda/pkgs
           key:
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('lockfile') }}
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('lockfile') }}
           restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-
             ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-
 
       - name: Install mkl_random
@@ -226,7 +244,7 @@ jobs:
           . "$CONDA/etc/profile.d/conda.sh"
           PACKAGE_VERSION="$(python -c "${VER_SCRIPT1} ${VER_SCRIPT2}")"
           export PACKAGE_VERSION
-          conda create -n "${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }}" "${PACKAGE_NAME}=${PACKAGE_VERSION}" pytest "python=${{ matrix.python }}" "numpy=${{ matrix.numpy }}" -c "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/channel" -c conda-forge --override-channels
+          conda create -n "${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }}" "${PACKAGE_NAME}=${PACKAGE_VERSION}" pytest "python=${{ matrix.python_spec || matrix.python }}" "numpy=${{ matrix.numpy }}" -c "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/channel" -c conda-forge --override-channels
           # Test installed packages
           conda list
 
@@ -255,6 +273,12 @@ jobs:
             numpy: "2.3"
           - python: "3.14"
             numpy: "2.3"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314"
+            python_tag: "3.14"
+          - python: "3.14"
+            numpy: "2.3"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314t"
+            python_tag: "3.14t"
 
     env:
       CHANNELS: -c conda-forge --override-channels
@@ -263,14 +287,13 @@ jobs:
       - name: Download artifact
         uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
-          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python }}
+          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}
 
       - uses: conda-incubator/setup-miniconda@8ee1f361103df19b6f8c8655fd3967a8ecb162d5 # v4.0.1
         with:
           miniforge-version: latest
           channels: conda-forge
-          activate-environment: ${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }}
-          python-version: ${{ matrix.python }}
+          activate-environment: base
 
       - name: Install conda-index
         run: |
@@ -295,7 +318,7 @@ jobs:
           FOR /F "tokens=* USEBACKQ" %%F IN (`python -c "%SCRIPT%"`) DO (
              SET PACKAGE_VERSION=%%F
           )
-          conda install -n ${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }} ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}=%PACKAGE_VERSION% python=${{ matrix.python }} numpy=${{ matrix.numpy }} -c ${{ env.GITHUB_WORKSPACE }}/channel ${{ env.CHANNELS }} --only-deps --dry-run > lockfile
+          conda create -n ${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }} ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}=%PACKAGE_VERSION% "python=${{ matrix.python_spec || matrix.python }}" numpy=${{ matrix.numpy }} -c ${{ env.GITHUB_WORKSPACE }}/channel ${{ env.CHANNELS }} --only-deps --dry-run > lockfile
 
       - name: Cache conda packages
         uses: actions/cache@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
@@ -304,9 +327,9 @@ jobs:
         with:
           path: /home/runner/conda_pkgs_dir
           key:
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('lockfile') }}
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('lockfile') }}
           restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-
             ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-
 
       - name: Install mkl_random
@@ -318,7 +341,7 @@ jobs:
           FOR /F "tokens=* USEBACKQ" %%F IN (`python -c "%SCRIPT%"`) DO (
              SET PACKAGE_VERSION=%%F
           )
-          conda create -n ${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }} ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}=%PACKAGE_VERSION% pytest python=${{ matrix.python }} numpy=${{ matrix.numpy }} -c ${{ env.GITHUB_WORKSPACE }}/channel ${{ env.CHANNELS }}
+          conda create -n ${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }} ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}=%PACKAGE_VERSION% pytest "python=${{ matrix.python_spec || matrix.python }}" numpy=${{ matrix.numpy }} -c ${{ env.GITHUB_WORKSPACE }}/channel ${{ env.CHANNELS }}
           # Test installed packages
           conda list
 
@@ -342,6 +365,12 @@ jobs:
             numpy: "2.3"
           - python: "3.14"
             numpy: "2.3"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314"
+            python_tag: "3.14"
+          - python: "3.14"
+            numpy: "2.3"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314t"
+            python_tag: "3.14t"
 
     steps:
       - name: Cancel Previous Runs
@@ -368,9 +397,9 @@ jobs:
         with:
           path: /Users/runner/conda_pkgs_dir
           key:
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('**/meta.yaml') }}
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('**/meta.yaml') }}
           restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-
             ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-
 
       - name: Install conda-build
@@ -388,7 +417,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash -el {0}
         run: |
           CHANNELS=(-c conda-forge --override-channels)
-          VERSIONS=(--python "${{ matrix.python }}" --numpy "${{ matrix.numpy }}")
+          VERSIONS=(--python "${{ matrix.python_spec || matrix.python }}" --numpy "${{ matrix.numpy }}")
           TEST=(--no-test)
 
           conda build \
@@ -400,7 +429,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Upload artifact
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python }}
+          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}
           path: ${{ env.CONDA_BLD }}${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}-*.conda
 
   test_osx:
@@ -419,12 +448,18 @@ jobs:
             numpy: "2.3"
           - python: "3.14"
             numpy: "2.3"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314"
+            python_tag: "3.14"
+          - python: "3.14"
+            numpy: "2.3"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314t"
+            python_tag: "3.14t"
 
     steps:
       - name: Download artifact
         uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
-          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python }}
+          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}
 
       - uses: conda-incubator/setup-miniconda@8ee1f361103df19b6f8c8655fd3967a8ecb162d5 # v4.0.1
         with:
@@ -452,7 +487,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           PACKAGE_VERSION="$(python -c "${VER_SCRIPT1} ${VER_SCRIPT2}")"
           export PACKAGE_VERSION
-          conda create -n "${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }}" "${PACKAGE_NAME}=${PACKAGE_VERSION}" "python=${{ matrix.python }}" "numpy=${{ matrix.numpy }}" -c "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/channel" -c conda-forge --override-channels --only-deps --dry-run > lockfile
+          conda create -n "${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }}" "${PACKAGE_NAME}=${PACKAGE_VERSION}" "python=${{ matrix.python_spec || matrix.python }}" "numpy=${{ matrix.numpy }}" -c "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/channel" -c conda-forge --override-channels --only-deps --dry-run > lockfile
           cat lockfile
 
       - name: Cache conda packages
@@ -462,9 +497,9 @@ jobs:
         with:
           path: /Users/runner/conda_pkgs_dir
           key:
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('lockfile') }}
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('lockfile') }}
           restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-
             ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-
 
       - name: Install mkl_random
@@ -472,7 +507,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           PACKAGE_VERSION="$(python -c "${VER_SCRIPT1} ${VER_SCRIPT2}")"
           export PACKAGE_VERSION
-          conda create -n "${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }}" "${PACKAGE_NAME}=${PACKAGE_VERSION}" pytest "python=${{ matrix.python }}" "numpy=${{ matrix.numpy }}" -c "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/channel" -c conda-forge --override-channels
+          conda create -n "${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }}" "${PACKAGE_NAME}=${PACKAGE_VERSION}" pytest "python=${{ matrix.python_spec || matrix.python }}" "numpy=${{ matrix.numpy }}" -c "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/channel" -c conda-forge --override-channels
           # Test installed packages
           conda list -n "${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }}"
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/conda-package.yml b/.github/workflows/conda-package.yml
index c45bf389..fea31707 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/conda-package.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/conda-package.yml
@@ -33,6 +33,12 @@ jobs:
             numpy: "2.3"
           - python: "3.14"
             numpy: "2.3"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314"
+            python_tag: "3.14"
+          - python: "3.14"
+            numpy: "2.3"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314t"
+            python_tag: "3.14t"
 
     steps:
       - name: Cancel Previous Runs
@@ -56,9 +62,9 @@ jobs:
         with:
           path: ~/.conda/pkgs
           key:
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('**/meta.yaml') }}
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('**/meta.yaml') }}
           restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-
             ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-
 
       - name: Add conda to system path
@@ -87,7 +93,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build conda package
         run: |
           CHANNELS=(-c https://software.repos.intel.com/python/conda -c conda-forge --override-channels)
-          VERSIONS=(--python "${{ matrix.python }}" --numpy "${{ matrix.numpy }}")
+          VERSIONS=(--python "${{ matrix.python_spec || matrix.python }}" --numpy "${{ matrix.numpy }}")
           TEST=(--no-test)
 
           conda build \
@@ -99,7 +105,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Upload artifact
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python }}
+          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}
           path: ${{ env.CONDA_BLD }}${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}-*.conda
 
   build_windows:
@@ -120,6 +126,12 @@ jobs:
             numpy: "2.3"
           - python: "3.14"
             numpy: "2.3"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314"
+            python_tag: "3.14"
+          - python: "3.14"
+            numpy: "2.3"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314t"
+            python_tag: "3.14t"
 
     steps:
       - name: Cancel Previous Runs
@@ -148,9 +160,9 @@ jobs:
         with:
           path: /home/runner/conda_pkgs_dir
           key:
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('**/meta.yaml') }}
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('**/meta.yaml') }}
           restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-
             ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-
 
       - name: Store conda paths as envs
@@ -167,12 +179,12 @@ jobs:
           conda list -n base
 
       - name: Build conda package
-        run: conda build --no-test --python "${{ matrix.python }}" --numpy "${{ matrix.numpy }}" -c https://software.repos.intel.com/python/conda -c conda-forge --override-channels conda-recipe
+        run: conda build --no-test --python "${{ matrix.python_spec || matrix.python }}" --numpy "${{ matrix.numpy }}" -c https://software.repos.intel.com/python/conda -c conda-forge --override-channels conda-recipe
 
       - name: Upload artifact
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python }}
+          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}
           path: ${{ env.CONDA_BLD }}${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}-*.conda
 
   test_linux:
@@ -181,9 +193,21 @@ jobs:
 
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
+        python: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
         numpy: ['numpy">=2"']
         experimental: [false]
+        include:
+          - python: "3.14"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314"
+            python_tag: "3.14"
+            numpy: 'numpy">=2"'
+            experimental: false
+          - python: "3.14"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314t"
+            python_tag: "3.14t"
+            numpy: 'numpy">=2"'
+            experimental: false
+    continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.experimental }}
 
     env:
       CHANNELS: -c https://software.repos.intel.com/python/conda -c conda-forge --override-channels
@@ -192,7 +216,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Download artifact
         uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
-          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python }}
+          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}
 
       - name: Add conda to system path
         run: echo "$CONDA/bin" >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
@@ -228,7 +252,7 @@ jobs:
           . "$CONDA/etc/profile.d/conda.sh"
           PACKAGE_VERSION="$(python -c "${VER_SCRIPT1} ${VER_SCRIPT2}")"
           export PACKAGE_VERSION
-          conda create -n "${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }}" "${PACKAGE_NAME}=${PACKAGE_VERSION}" "python=${{ matrix.python }}" ${{ matrix.numpy }} -c "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/channel" -c https://software.repos.intel.com/python/conda -c conda-forge --override-channels --only-deps --dry-run > lockfile
+          conda create -n "${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }}" "${PACKAGE_NAME}=${PACKAGE_VERSION}" "python=${{ matrix.python_spec || matrix.python }}" ${{ matrix.numpy }} -c "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/channel" -c https://software.repos.intel.com/python/conda -c conda-forge --override-channels --only-deps --dry-run > lockfile
           cat lockfile
 
       - name: Set pkgs_dirs
@@ -242,9 +266,9 @@ jobs:
         with:
           path: ~/.conda/pkgs
           key:
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('lockfile') }}
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('lockfile') }}
           restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-
             ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-
 
       - name: Install mkl_random
@@ -252,7 +276,7 @@ jobs:
           . "$CONDA/etc/profile.d/conda.sh"
           PACKAGE_VERSION="$(python -c "${VER_SCRIPT1} ${VER_SCRIPT2}")"
           export PACKAGE_VERSION
-          conda create -n "${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }}" "${PACKAGE_NAME}=${PACKAGE_VERSION}" pytest "python=${{ matrix.python }}" ${{ matrix.numpy }} -c "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/channel" -c https://software.repos.intel.com/python/conda -c conda-forge --override-channels
+          conda create -n "${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }}" "${PACKAGE_NAME}=${PACKAGE_VERSION}" pytest "python=${{ matrix.python_spec || matrix.python }}" ${{ matrix.numpy }} -c "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/channel" -c https://software.repos.intel.com/python/conda -c conda-forge --override-channels
           conda activate "${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }}"
 
           # Test installed packages
@@ -270,9 +294,21 @@ jobs:
 
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
+        python: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
         numpy: ['numpy">=2"']
         experimental: [false]
+        include:
+          - python: "3.14"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314"
+            python_tag: "3.14"
+            numpy: 'numpy">=2"'
+            experimental: false
+          - python: "3.14"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314t"
+            python_tag: "3.14t"
+            numpy: 'numpy">=2"'
+            experimental: false
+    continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.experimental }}
 
     env:
       CHANNELS: -c https://software.repos.intel.com/python/conda -c conda-forge --override-channels
@@ -281,15 +317,13 @@ jobs:
       - name: Download artifact
         uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
-          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python }}
+          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}
 
       - uses: conda-incubator/setup-miniconda@8ee1f361103df19b6f8c8655fd3967a8ecb162d5 # v4.0.1
         with:
-          auto-update-conda: true
           miniforge-version: latest
           channels: conda-forge
-          activate-environment: ${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }}
-          python-version: ${{ matrix.python }}
+          activate-environment: base
 
       - name: Install conda-index
         run: |
@@ -333,7 +367,7 @@ jobs:
           FOR /F "tokens=* USEBACKQ" %%F IN (`python -c "%SCRIPT%"`) DO (
              SET PACKAGE_VERSION=%%F
           )
-          conda install -n ${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }} ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}=%PACKAGE_VERSION% python=${{ matrix.python }} ${{ matrix.numpy }} -c ${{ env.GITHUB_WORKSPACE }}/channel ${{ env.CHANNELS }} --only-deps --dry-run > lockfile
+          conda create -n ${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }} ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}=%PACKAGE_VERSION% "python=${{ matrix.python_spec || matrix.python }}" ${{ matrix.numpy }} -c ${{ env.GITHUB_WORKSPACE }}/channel ${{ env.CHANNELS }} --only-deps --dry-run > lockfile
 
       - name: Cache conda packages
         uses: actions/cache@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
@@ -342,9 +376,9 @@ jobs:
         with:
           path: /home/runner/conda_pkgs_dir
           key:
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('lockfile') }}
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('lockfile') }}
           restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-
             ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-
 
         # add intel-openmp as an explicit dependency
@@ -359,7 +393,7 @@ jobs:
              SET PACKAGE_VERSION=%%F
           )
           SET "WORKAROUND_DEPENDENCIES=intel-openmp"
-          conda create -n ${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }} ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}=%PACKAGE_VERSION% %WORKAROUND_DEPENDENCIES% pytest python=${{ matrix.python }} ${{ matrix.numpy }} -c ${{ env.GITHUB_WORKSPACE }}/channel ${{ env.CHANNELS }}
+          conda create -n ${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }} ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}=%PACKAGE_VERSION% %WORKAROUND_DEPENDENCIES% pytest "python=${{ matrix.python_spec || matrix.python }}" ${{ matrix.numpy }} -c ${{ env.GITHUB_WORKSPACE }}/channel ${{ env.CHANNELS }}
           conda activate ${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }}
 
           # Test installed packages
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 61e54d3d..356619b3 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -8,13 +8,18 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 ### Added
 * Added support for `array_like` (broadcastable) `low`/`high` bounds in `randint` [gh-168](https://github.com/IntelPython/mkl_random/pull/168)
+* Added support for free-threaded (GIL-disabled) CPython builds: the Cython extension is compiled with `freethreading_compatible=True`, so importing `mkl_random` no longer re-enables the GIL [gh-159](https://github.com/IntelPython/mkl_random/pull/159)
 
 ### Changed
 * Pinned Cython in the Coverity Scan workflow so generated code stays stable between scans, and added `coverity/README.md` documenting the known Cython-boilerplate false positives and the scan review checklist [gh-164](https://github.com/IntelPython/mkl_random/pull/164)
+* Raised the minimum build-time `Cython` requirement to `3.1.0`, the first release providing the `freethreading_compatible` directive [gh-159](https://github.com/IntelPython/mkl_random/pull/159)
 
 ### Fixed
 * Fixed `uniform` to return a Python `float` for scalar bounds with `size=None` instead of a 0-d array [gh-167](https://github.com/IntelPython/mkl_random/pull/167)
 
+### Removed
+* Removed the `python-gil` constraint from the conda recipes, which pinned `mkl_random` to GIL-enabled Python 3.14 builds [gh-159](https://github.com/IntelPython/mkl_random/pull/159)
+
 ## [1.5.0] (08/12/2026)
 
 ### Added
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 7e5f06a8..ce6d04ba 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ If you already have `mkl` and `numpy` installed (from your system or a conda env
 and want to reuse them instead of pulling fresh copies into an isolated build, first
 install the build dependencies:
 ```sh
-pip install meson-python cmake ninja cython numpy mkl-devel
+pip install meson-python cmake ninja "cython>=3.1.0" numpy mkl-devel
 ```
 
 then build against the existing installation with:
diff --git a/conda-recipe-cf/meta.yaml b/conda-recipe-cf/meta.yaml
index c1dcd498..96b019f5 100644
--- a/conda-recipe-cf/meta.yaml
+++ b/conda-recipe-cf/meta.yaml
@@ -21,15 +21,13 @@ requirements:
       - cmake
       - ninja
       - python
-      - python-gil     # [py>=314]
       - mkl-devel
-      - cython
+      - cython >=3.1.0
       - numpy
       - pip
       - wheel  >=0.41.3
     run:
       - python
-      - python-gil     # [py>=314]
       - {{ pin_compatible('numpy', min_pin="x.x", max_pin="x") }}
       - {{ pin_compatible('mkl', min_pin="x.x", max_pin="x") }}
 
diff --git a/conda-recipe/meta.yaml b/conda-recipe/meta.yaml
index dbdedbbe..03d03ca0 100644
--- a/conda-recipe/meta.yaml
+++ b/conda-recipe/meta.yaml
@@ -24,15 +24,13 @@ requirements:
       - cmake
       - ninja
       - python
-      - python-gil     # [py>=314]
       - mkl-devel
-      - cython
+      - cython >=3.1.0
       - numpy
       - pip
       - wheel  >=0.41.3
     run:
       - python
-      - python-gil     # [py>=314]
       - {{ pin_compatible('mkl', min_pin="x.x", max_pin="x") }}
       - numpy >=1.26.4
 
diff --git a/mkl_random/mklrand.pyx b/mkl_random/mklrand.pyx
index a3259170..c4491c1a 100644
--- a/mkl_random/mklrand.pyx
+++ b/mkl_random/mklrand.pyx
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
 # cython: language_level=3
+# cython: freethreading_compatible=True
 
 cdef extern from "Python.h":
     void* PyMem_Malloc(size_t n)
@@ -1631,13 +1632,13 @@ cdef class _MKLRandomState:
         cdef unsigned int stream_id
         cdef cnp.ndarray obj "arrayObject_obj"
 
-        if (brng):
-            brng_token, stream_id = _parse_brng_argument(brng)
-        else:
-            brng_token = <irk_brng_t> irk_get_brng_and_stream_mkl(
-                self.internal_state, &stream_id
-            )
         with self.lock:
+            if (brng):
+                brng_token, stream_id = _parse_brng_argument(brng)
+            else:
+                brng_token = <irk_brng_t> irk_get_brng_and_stream_mkl(
+                    self.internal_state, &stream_id
+                )
             try:
                 if seed is None:
                     _errcode = irk_randomseed_mkl(
@@ -6598,7 +6599,8 @@ cdef class _MKLRandomState:
             raise ValueError("n < 0")
         # numpy#20483: Avoids divide by 0
         niter = sz // d if d else 0
-        irk_multinomial_vec(self.internal_state, niter, mnix, n, d, pix)
+        with self.lock, nogil:
+            irk_multinomial_vec(self.internal_state, niter, mnix, n, d, pix)
 
         return multin
 
@@ -6975,7 +6977,8 @@ cdef class MKLRandomState(_MKLRandomState):
         """
         cdef int err, brng_id
 
-        err = irk_leapfrog_stream_mkl(self.internal_state, k, nstreams)
+        with self.lock:
+            err = irk_leapfrog_stream_mkl(self.internal_state, k, nstreams)
 
         if err == -1:
             raise ValueError("The stream state buffer is corrupted")
@@ -6996,7 +6999,8 @@ cdef class MKLRandomState(_MKLRandomState):
         """
         cdef int err, brng_id
 
-        err = irk_skipahead_stream_mkl(self.internal_state, nskips)
+        with self.lock:
+            err = irk_skipahead_stream_mkl(self.internal_state, nskips)
 
         if err == -1:
             raise ValueError("The stream state buffer is corrupted")
@@ -7079,9 +7083,10 @@ cdef class MKLRandomState(_MKLRandomState):
 
         if ((<int> lo) == lo) and ((<int>hi) == hi):
             if size is None:
-                irk_discrete_uniform_vec(
-                    self.internal_state, 1, &rv_int, <int>lo, <int>hi
-                )
+                with self.lock, nogil:
+                    irk_discrete_uniform_vec(
+                        self.internal_state, 1, &rv_int, <int>lo, <int>hi
+                    )
                 return rv_int
             else:
                 array = <cnp.ndarray>np.empty(size, np.int32)
@@ -7098,9 +7103,10 @@ cdef class MKLRandomState(_MKLRandomState):
                 return array
         else:
             if size is None:
-                irk_discrete_uniform_long_vec(
-                    self.internal_state, 1, &rv_long, lo, hi
-                )
+                with self.lock, nogil:
+                    irk_discrete_uniform_long_vec(
+                        self.internal_state, 1, &rv_long, lo, hi
+                    )
                 return rv_long
             else:
                 array = <cnp.ndarray>np.empty(size, int)
@@ -7283,35 +7289,38 @@ cdef class MKLRandomState(_MKLRandomState):
             method, [ICDF, BOXMULLER2, BOXMULLER], _method_alias_dict_gaussian
         )
         if (method is ICDF):
-            irk_multinormal_vec_ICDF(
-                self.internal_state,
-                n,
-                res_data,
-                dim,
-                mean_data,
-                t_data,
-                storage_mode
-            )
+            with self.lock, nogil:
+                irk_multinormal_vec_ICDF(
+                    self.internal_state,
+                    n,
+                    res_data,
+                    dim,
+                    mean_data,
+                    t_data,
+                    storage_mode
+                )
         elif (method is BOXMULLER2):
-            irk_multinormal_vec_BM2(
-                self.internal_state,
-                n,
-                res_data,
-                dim,
-                mean_data,
-                t_data,
-                storage_mode
-            )
+            with self.lock, nogil:
+                irk_multinormal_vec_BM2(
+                    self.internal_state,
+                    n,
+                    res_data,
+                    dim,
+                    mean_data,
+                    t_data,
+                    storage_mode
+                )
         else:
-            irk_multinormal_vec_BM1(
-                self.internal_state,
-                n,
-                res_data,
-                dim,
-                mean_data,
-                t_data,
-                storage_mode
-            )
+            with self.lock, nogil:
+                irk_multinormal_vec_BM1(
+                    self.internal_state,
+                    n,
+                    res_data,
+                    dim,
+                    mean_data,
+                    t_data,
+                    storage_mode
+                )
 
         return resarr
 
diff --git a/mkl_random/tests/test_freethreading.py b/mkl_random/tests/test_freethreading.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a2aaa3d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mkl_random/tests/test_freethreading.py
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, Intel Corporation
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+#       this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+#       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+#       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its contributors
+#       may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+#       without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+# DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+# FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+# DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+# SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+# CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+# OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+import os
+import sys
+import sysconfig
+import threading
+
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+# Oversubscription: MKL spawns its own thread pool per calling thread, so
+# generating from many Python threads concurrently can spawn far more OS
+# threads than cores. Cap it before mkl_random/MKL initialize.
+os.environ.setdefault("MKL_NUM_THREADS", "1")
+
+import mkl_random  # noqa: E402
+
+FREE_THREADED = bool(sysconfig.get_config_var("Py_GIL_DISABLED"))
+
+
+def _run_on_threads(worker, n_threads):
+    # Run worker(i) on n_threads and fail if any thread raised.
+    errors = []
+
+    def wrapped(i):
+        try:
+            worker(i)
+        except Exception as exc:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+            errors.append(exc)
+
+    threads = [
+        threading.Thread(target=wrapped, args=(i,)) for i in range(n_threads)
+    ]
+    for t in threads:
+        t.start()
+    for t in threads:
+        t.join()
+
+    assert not errors
+
+
+def test_concurrent_sampling_per_instance():
+    # Each thread owns a private MKLRandomState seeded identically, so the
+    # per-instance lock + `nogil` sampling must reproduce the single-threaded
+    # result exactly regardless of concurrency.
+    n_threads = 4
+    size = 10**5 + 1  # large enough that per-thread nogil sampling overlaps
+    seed = 1234
+    expected = mkl_random.MKLRandomState(seed).normal(size=size)
+    results = [None] * n_threads
+
+    def worker(i):
+        results[i] = mkl_random.MKLRandomState(seed).normal(size=size)
+
+    _run_on_threads(worker, n_threads)
+
+    for r in results:
+        np.testing.assert_array_equal(r, expected)
+
+
+def test_concurrent_shared_singleton():
+    # Module-level functions share a single lock-guarded RandomState. Hammering
+    # it from many threads must not corrupt state, crash, or return garbage.
+    n_threads = 8
+    size = 10**5 + 1
+    results = [None] * n_threads
+
+    def worker(i):
+        results[i] = mkl_random.uniform(size=size)
+
+    _run_on_threads(worker, n_threads)
+
+    for r in results:
+        assert r.shape == (size,)
+        assert np.all(np.isfinite(r))
+
+
+def test_concurrent_patch_restore():
+    n_threads = 8
+    n_iters = 20
+
+    def worker(_i):
+        for _ in range(n_iters):
+            mkl_random.patch_numpy_random()
+            mkl_random.restore_numpy_random()
+
+    _run_on_threads(worker, n_threads)
+
+    assert not mkl_random.is_patched()
+
+
+def test_concurrent_multinormal_cholesky_shared():
+    # A data race on the shared stream reuses values; assert few duplicates.
+    n_threads = 8
+    mean = np.zeros(1)
+    ch = np.eye(1)
+    rng = mkl_random.MKLRandomState(12345)
+    chunks = [None] * n_threads
+
+    def worker(i):
+        parts = [
+            rng.multinormal_cholesky(mean, ch, size=4000).ravel()
+            for _ in range(25)
+        ]
+        chunks[i] = np.concatenate(parts)
+
+    _run_on_threads(worker, n_threads)
+
+    allvals = np.concatenate(chunks)
+    assert np.all(np.isfinite(allvals))
+    dup_frac = 1.0 - np.unique(allvals).size / allvals.size
+    assert dup_frac < 0.01, f"shared stream corrupted: {dup_frac:.3%} dups"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    not FREE_THREADED, reason="requires a free-threaded CPython build"
+)
+def test_gil_not_reenabled_on_import():
+    assert not sys._is_gil_enabled()  # pylint: disable=no-member
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index c841c9a3..983c3601 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ build-backend = "mesonpy"
 requires = [
   "meson-python>=0.16.0",
   "ninja",
-  "Cython",
+  "Cython>=3.1.0",
   "numpy",
   "mkl-devel",
   "cmake"
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ classifiers = [
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14",
+  "Programming Language :: Python :: Free Threading :: 2 - Beta",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython",
   "Topic :: Software Development",
   "Topic :: Scientific/Engineering",