diff --git a/OWNd/message/__init__.py b/OWNd/message/__init__.py
index 5d4aa9c..cf7b627 100644
--- a/OWNd/message/__init__.py
+++ b/OWNd/message/__init__.py
@@ -72,9 +72,12 @@
     MESSAGE_TYPE_MAIN_TEMPERATURE,
     MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE,
     MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE_TARGET,
+    MESSAGE_TYPE_SEASON,
     MESSAGE_TYPE_SECONDARY_TEMPERATURE,
     MESSAGE_TYPE_TARGET_TEMPERATURE,
     MESSAGE_TYPE_ZONE_STATE,
+    SEASON_CONDITIONING,
+    SEASON_HEATING,
     ZONE_CONTEXT_AUTOMATIC,
     ZONE_CONTEXT_COOLING,
     ZONE_CONTEXT_GENERIC,
@@ -145,8 +148,11 @@
     "MESSAGE_TYPE_LOCAL_TARGET_TEMPERATURE",
     "MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE",
     "MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE_TARGET",
+    "MESSAGE_TYPE_SEASON",
     "MESSAGE_TYPE_FAN_SPEED",
     "MESSAGE_TYPE_ZONE_STATE",
+    "SEASON_CONDITIONING",
+    "SEASON_HEATING",
     "CLIMATE_MODE_OFF",
     "CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT",
     "CLIMATE_MODE_COOL",
diff --git a/OWNd/message/heating.py b/OWNd/message/heating.py
index a9fda25..d1e0c74 100644
--- a/OWNd/message/heating.py
+++ b/OWNd/message/heating.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 MESSAGE_TYPE_LOCAL_TARGET_TEMPERATURE = "local_target_temperature"
 MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE = "hvac_mode"
 MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE_TARGET = "hvac_mode_target"
+MESSAGE_TYPE_SEASON = "hvac_season"
 
 MESSAGE_TYPE_FAN_SPEED = "fan_speed"
 MESSAGE_TYPE_ZONE_STATE = "zone_state"
@@ -25,6 +26,9 @@
 CLIMATE_MODE_COOL = "cool"
 CLIMATE_MODE_AUTO = "auto"
 
+SEASON_HEATING = "heating"
+SEASON_CONDITIONING = "conditioning"
+
 LOCAL_CONTROL_NORMAL = "normal"
 LOCAL_CONTROL_OFFSET = "offset"
 LOCAL_CONTROL_OFF = "local_off"
@@ -173,6 +177,7 @@ def __init__(self, data: str) -> None:
 
         self._mode = None
         self._mode_name = None
+        self._season: str | None = None
         self._zone_context: str | None = None
         self._zone_state: str | None = None
         self._set_temperature = None
@@ -183,9 +188,12 @@ def __init__(self, data: str) -> None:
         self._measured_temperature = None
         self._secondary_temperature = None
         self._measured_humidity = None
+        self._program: int | None = None
+        self._scenario: int | None = None
         self._holiday_end_date: tuple[int, int, int] | None = None
         self._holiday_end_time: tuple[int, int] | None = None
         self._manual_timed_duration: tuple[int, int] | None = None
+        self._holiday_days: int | None = None
 
         self._is_active = None
         self._is_heating = None
@@ -201,29 +209,66 @@ def __init__(self, data: str) -> None:
 
         if self._what is not None:
             self._mode = int(self._what)
-            if self._mode in [103, 203, 303, 102, 202, 302]:
+
+            if self._mode in (0, 1) and not self._what_param:
+                # Zone operation mode frame: the zone (or the central unit)
+                # is operating in the heating (1) or conditioning (0) season.
+                # It is not an operating mode change: Legrand WHO 4 p. 13, 16,
+                # 19 and 63 list it next to the setpoint frames as "zone
+                # operation mode acquire frame"; the MyHomeServer1 translator
+                # emits it with the dimension 12 setpoint report; BTicino's
+                # client keeps a zone in automatic on it (libqtdevices
+                # TS10_1_0_23 probe_device.cpp:240-253). Manual / automatic /
+                # off arrive as 110 / 111 / 103 etc. WHAT 0 / 1 with a
+                # parameter (0#T, 1#T) is in neither the specification nor
+                # any capture, so it falls through to the unknown branch.
+                self._type = MESSAGE_TYPE_SEASON
+                self._mode_name = None
+                self._season = (
+                    SEASON_HEATING if self._mode == 1 else SEASON_CONDITIONING
+                )
+                self._human_readable_log = (
+                    f"Zone {self._zone}'s season is {self._season}."
+                )
+            elif self._mode in [103, 203, 303, 102, 202, 302]:
                 self._type = MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE
                 self._mode_name = CLIMATE_MODE_OFF
+                if self._mode in (102, 103):
+                    self._season = SEASON_HEATING
+                elif self._mode in (202, 203):
+                    self._season = SEASON_CONDITIONING
                 self._human_readable_log = (
                     f"Zone {self._zone}'s mode is set to '{self._mode_name}'"
                 )
             elif (
-                self._mode in [0, 210, 211, 212, 215]
+                self._mode in [210, 211, 212, 215]
                 or (self._mode >= 2101 and self._mode <= 2103)
                 or (self._mode >= 2201 and self._mode <= 2216)
+                or (self._mode >= 23001 and self._mode <= 23255)
             ):
+                # 23xxx: holiday days in conditioning mode (Legrand WHO 4
+                # p. 5 / p. 64; libqtdevices thermal_device.cpp:58, 258-262).
                 self._type = MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE
                 self._mode_name = CLIMATE_MODE_COOL
+                self._season = SEASON_CONDITIONING
+                if self._mode >= 23001:
+                    self._holiday_days = self._mode % 1000
                 self._human_readable_log = (
                     f"Zone {self._zone}'s mode is set to '{self._mode_name}'"
                 )
             elif (
-                self._mode in [1, 110, 111, 112, 115]
+                self._mode in [110, 111, 112, 115]
                 or (self._mode >= 1101 and self._mode <= 1103)
                 or (self._mode >= 1201 and self._mode <= 1216)
+                or (self._mode >= 13001 and self._mode <= 13255)
             ):
+                # 13xxx: holiday days in heating mode (Legrand WHO 4 p. 5 /
+                # p. 64; libqtdevices thermal_device.cpp:68, 303-307).
                 self._type = MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE
                 self._mode_name = CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT
+                self._season = SEASON_HEATING
+                if self._mode >= 13001:
+                    self._holiday_days = self._mode % 1000
                 self._human_readable_log = (
                     f"Zone {self._zone}'s mode is set to '{self._mode_name}'"
                 )
@@ -232,11 +277,11 @@ def __init__(self, data: str) -> None:
                 or (self._mode >= 3101 and self._mode <= 3116)
                 or (self._mode >= 3201 and self._mode <= 3216)
                 or (self._mode >= 33001 and self._mode <= 33255)
-                or (self._mode >= 23001 and self._mode <= 23255)
-                or (self._mode >= 13001 and self._mode <= 13255)
             ):
                 self._type = MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE
                 self._mode_name = CLIMATE_MODE_AUTO
+                if self._mode >= 33001:
+                    self._holiday_days = self._mode % 1000
                 self._human_readable_log = (
                     f"Zone {self._zone}'s mode is set to '{self._mode_name}'"
                 )
@@ -250,22 +295,77 @@ def __init__(self, data: str) -> None:
                 self._human_readable_log = (
                     f"Zone {self._zone}'s remote control is enabled"
                 )
+            elif self._mode in (22, 23, 24, 30, 31):
+                # Central unit system status (Legrand WHO 4 p. 5, p. 64):
+                # 22 at least one probe OFF, 23 at least one probe in
+                # antifreeze, 24 at least one probe in manual, 30 failure
+                # discovered, 31 central unit battery KO.
+                self._mode_name = None
+                _status_text = {
+                    22: "at least one probe is OFF",
+                    23: "at least one probe is in antifreeze",
+                    24: "at least one probe is in manual mode",
+                    30: "a failure was discovered",
+                    31: "the central unit battery is KO",
+                }[self._mode]
+                self._human_readable_log = (
+                    f"Zone {self._zone}'s central unit reports {_status_text}"
+                )
             else:
                 self._mode_name = None
                 self._human_readable_log = f"Zone {self._zone}'s mode is unknown"
 
+            # Program / scenario numbers carried in the WHAT (Legrand WHO 4
+            # p. 5 and p. 64; libqtdevices thermal_device.cpp:209-211, 246-256,
+            # 291-301): 11xx/21xx/31xx program, 12xx/22xx/32xx scenario.
+            if self._type == MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE:
+                if (
+                    1101 <= self._mode <= 1103
+                    or 2101 <= self._mode <= 2103
+                    or 3101 <= self._mode <= 3116
+                ):
+                    self._program = self._mode % 100
+                elif (
+                    1201 <= self._mode <= 1216
+                    or 2201 <= self._mode <= 2216
+                    or 3201 <= self._mode <= 3216
+                ):
+                    self._scenario = self._mode % 100
+
             if (
+                (
+                    self._mode in (115, 215, 315)
+                    or 13001 <= self._mode <= 13255
+                    or 23001 <= self._mode <= 23255
+                    or 33001 <= self._mode <= 33255
+                )
+                and self._what_param
+                and self._what_param[0]
+            ):
+                # Holiday daily plan (115#P) and holiday days (13DDD#P, 23DDD#P,
+                # 33DDD#P, as sent by set_central_holiday): the parameter is the
+                # weekly program the central unit resumes afterwards, 1101-1103 /
+                # 2101-2103 / 31PP (Legrand WHO 4 p. 56 and p. 64,
+                # "115#parameterH"); libqtdevices reads it as whatArgN(0) % 100
+                # (thermal_device.cpp:241, 286). It is not a temperature. The
+                # grammar only admits digits in a WHAT parameter (base.py
+                # _STATUS), so int() cannot fail.
+                self._program = int(self._what_param[0]) % 100
+                self._human_readable_log += f" (program {self._program})."
+            elif (
                 self._type == MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE
                 and self._what_param
                 and self._what_param[0] is not None
             ):
+                # 110#T / 210#T manual with temperature (Legrand WHO 4 p. 23,
+                # p. 56), 312#T timed manual (libqtdevices thermal_device.cpp:378).
                 self._type = MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE_TARGET
                 self._set_temperature = who4_temperature(self._what_param[0])
                 if self._set_temperature is not None:
                     self._human_readable_log += f" at {self._set_temperature}°C."
                 else:
                     self._human_readable_log += "."
-            else:
+            elif self._type != MESSAGE_TYPE_SEASON:
                 self._human_readable_log += "."
 
         if self._dimension == 0:  # Temperature
@@ -580,6 +680,17 @@ def zone(self) -> int:
     def mode(self) -> str | None:
         return self._mode_name
 
+    @property
+    def season(self) -> str | None:
+        """SEASON_HEATING or SEASON_CONDITIONING named by the WHAT, else None.
+
+        Set for the bare season frame (WHAT 1 / 0, message_type
+        MESSAGE_TYPE_SEASON, mode None) and for every season-specific mode
+        WHAT (1xx, 11xx, 12xx, 13xxx heating; 2xx, 21xx, 22xx, 23xxx
+        conditioning). Generic WHATs (3xx, 31xx, 32xx, 33xxx) have no season.
+        """
+        return self._season
+
     @property
     def zone_context(self) -> str | None:
         """DIMENSION 7 thermal context (ZONE_CONTEXT_*), else None."""
@@ -657,11 +768,26 @@ def cooling_fan_speed(self) -> int | None:
     def cooling_fan_on(self) -> bool | None:
         return self._cooling_fan_on
 
+    @property
+    def program(self) -> int | None:
+        """Weekly program number (1..3 for seasonal, 1..16 for generic) named by the WHAT, else None."""
+        return self._program
+
+    @property
+    def scenario(self) -> int | None:
+        """Scenario number (1..16) named by the WHAT, else None."""
+        return self._scenario
+
     @property
     def holiday_end_date(self) -> tuple[int, int, int] | None:
         """Holiday / weekend end date (day, month, year), or None."""
         return self._holiday_end_date
 
+    @property
+    def holiday_days(self) -> int | None:
+        """Holiday days (1..255) named by a 13xxx/23xxx/33xxx WHAT, else None."""
+        return self._holiday_days
+
     @property
     def holiday_end_time(self) -> tuple[int, int] | None:
         """Holiday / weekend end time (hour, minute), or None."""
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index ed3a1aa..0f47bb3 100755
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -235,14 +235,14 @@ frame_cenplus_held = OWNCenPlusCommand.still_held(where="21", button=5)
 # CEN+ (WHO=25): Button 5 release after a long press -> *25*24#5*21##
 frame_cenplus_rel = OWNCenPlusCommand.release(where="21", button=5)
 
-# Central Unit (WHO=4): Set 3550 (#0) master mode to Heating at 21.5°C -> *4*1#0215*#0##
-frame_heat = OWNHeatingCommand.set_central_mode(where="#0", mode="heating", temperature=21.5)
+# Central Unit (WHO=4): Set 3550 (#0) master mode to Heating -> *4*1*#0##
+frame_heat = OWNHeatingCommand.set_central_mode(where="#0", mode="heating")
 
-# Central Unit (WHO=4): Set 4695 (#0#1) master mode to Cooling at 24.0°C -> *4*2#0240*#0#1##
-frame_cool = OWNHeatingCommand.set_central_mode(where="#0#1", mode="cooling", temperature=24.0)
+# Central Unit (WHO=4): Set 4695 (#0#1) master mode to Cooling -> *4*0*#0#1##
+frame_cool = OWNHeatingCommand.set_central_mode(where="#0#1", mode="cooling")
 
-# Central Unit (WHO=4): Turn Central Unit OFF -> *4*303#0215*#0##
-frame_off = OWNHeatingCommand.set_central_off(where="#0", mode="heating", temperature=21.5)
+# Central Unit (WHO=4): Turn Central Unit OFF -> *4*303*#0##
+frame_off = OWNHeatingCommand.set_central_mode(where="#0", mode="off")
 ```
 
 ---
diff --git a/scripts/oracle_who4_facts.py b/scripts/oracle_who4_facts.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf1f93d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/oracle_who4_facts.py
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Extract WHO 4 firmware facts from the own-firmware-oracle verdict index.
+
+The oracle (OpenWebNet-HA/own-firmware-oracle) replays OpenWebNet frames on the
+emulated firmware of up to ten BTicino/Legrand gateways and records the serial
+lines each one sends to its SCS bus interface. An ACKed WHO 4 command becomes
+one line in one of two dialects:
+
+  $06 D1 <addr> 03 02 <class> <b1> <b2> <b3>   (all gateways)
+  $04 <class> <zone> 30 <value>                (plain-zone frames on some)
+
+This script keeps, per WHO 4 frame, every telegram that at least two gateways
+agree on (the gateway ACKed and sent exactly that one line), and records the
+rest as dissent. tests/test_firmware_contract.py checks OWNd's decoding of each
+frame against those bytes.
+
+Usage:
+  python scripts/oracle_who4_facts.py --ref <oracle commit> [--index PATH]
+                                      [-o tests/oracle/who4_facts.json]
+
+Without --index the index of --ref is downloaded from GitHub. Standard library
+only; the output is sorted and stable, so a changed fixture means changed
+firmware facts.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import json
+import re
+import urllib.request
+from collections import defaultdict
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+
+ORACLE_REPO = "OpenWebNet-HA/own-firmware-oracle"
+RAW_INDEX = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/{repo}/{ref}/results/mcp_index.json"
+DEFAULT_OUT = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "tests" / "oracle" / "who4_facts.json"
+REF = re.compile(r"^[0-9a-f]{40}$")
+LONG = re.compile(r"^\$06D1([0-9A-F]{2})0302([0-9A-F]{2})([0-9A-F]{2})([0-9A-F]{2})([0-9A-F]{2})$")
+SHORT = re.compile(r"^\$04([0-9A-F]{2})([0-9A-F]{2})30([0-9A-F]{2})$")
+
+
+def load_index(index: str | None, ref: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    if index:
+        return json.loads(Path(index).read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+    url = RAW_INDEX.format(repo=ORACLE_REPO, ref=ref)
+    with urllib.request.urlopen(url, timeout=60) as resp:  # noqa: S310 - fixed https host
+        return json.loads(resp.read().decode("utf-8"))
+
+
+def telegram(bus_frame: str) -> tuple[str, ...] | None:
+    """The fields of one recorded bus line, or None if it is not a WHO 4 telegram.
+
+    Long:  ("06", addr, class, b1, b2, b3)
+    Short: ("04", class, zone, value)
+    """
+    try:
+        line = bytes.fromhex(bus_frame.replace(" ", "")).decode("ascii").strip()
+    except (ValueError, UnicodeDecodeError):
+        return None
+    if m := LONG.match(line):
+        return ("06", *m.groups())
+    if m := SHORT.match(line):
+        return ("04", *m.groups())
+    return None
+
+
+def extract(index: dict[str, Any]) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    facts: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+    for frame, entries in sorted(index["verdicts"].items()):
+        if not frame.startswith(("*4*", "*#4*")):
+            continue
+        seen: dict[tuple[str, ...], set[str]] = defaultdict(set)
+        for e in entries:
+            if e.get("direction") != "down" or e.get("reply") != "ack":
+                continue
+            frames = e.get("bus_frames", [])
+            t = telegram(frames[0]) if len(frames) == 1 else None
+            if t is not None:
+                seen[t].add(f"{e['product']} {e['version']}")
+        agreed = sorted(t for t, gws in seen.items() if len(gws) >= 2)
+        dissent = {" ".join(t): sorted(gws) for t, gws in sorted(seen.items()) if len(gws) < 2}
+        for t in agreed:
+            facts.append(
+                {
+                    "frame": frame,
+                    "telegram": list(t),
+                    "gateways": sorted(seen[t]),
+                    "dissent": dissent,
+                }
+            )
+    return facts
+
+
+def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> int:
+    ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__.split("\n\n")[0])
+    ap.add_argument("--ref", required=True, help="oracle commit (40 hex digits)")
+    ap.add_argument("--index", help="local mcp_index.json of that commit")
+    ap.add_argument("-o", "--out", type=Path, default=DEFAULT_OUT)
+    args = ap.parse_args(argv)
+    if not REF.match(args.ref):
+        ap.error("--ref must be a full 40-digit commit")
+    index = load_index(args.index, args.ref)
+    doc = {
+        "source": {
+            "repo": ORACLE_REPO,
+            "ref": args.ref,
+            "verdicts_sha256": index.get("verdicts_sha256"),
+            "generator": "scripts/oracle_who4_facts.py",
+        },
+        "facts": extract(index),
+    }
+    args.out.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    args.out.write_text(json.dumps(doc, indent=1, sort_keys=True) + "\n", encoding="utf-8")
+    print(f"{len(doc['facts'])} WHO 4 facts -> {args.out}")
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    raise SystemExit(main())
diff --git a/tests/oracle/who4_facts.json b/tests/oracle/who4_facts.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ee52bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/oracle/who4_facts.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1745 @@
+{
+ "facts": [
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*#4*#0#2*#11*1##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "MH200N 010108"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "02",
+    "0B",
+    "01",
+    "00",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*#4*#0*#11*1##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "MH200N 010108"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "0B",
+    "01",
+    "00",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*#4*#0*#14*0210*1##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "C1",
+    "12",
+    "2A",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*#4*#0*#14*0250*1##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "H4684 020054",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "C1",
+    "12",
+    "32",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*#4*#0*#30*07*10*2026##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "C3",
+    "07",
+    "0A",
+    "1A"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*#4*#0*#31*18*30##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "H4684 020054",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "C4",
+    "12",
+    "1E",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*#4*#0*#32*04*15##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "C5",
+    "04",
+    "0F",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*#4*#1*#11*1##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "MH200N 010108"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "0B",
+    "01",
+    "00",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {
+    "06 00 C2 17 12 2B": [
+     "H4684 020054"
+    ]
+   },
+   "frame": "*#4*#23#1*#14*0215*1##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "01",
+    "C2",
+    "17",
+    "12",
+    "2B"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {
+    "06 00 C2 17 22 2E": [
+     "H4684 020054"
+    ]
+   },
+   "frame": "*#4*#23#1*#14*0230*2##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
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+    "24",
+    "00",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*4*215#2102*#0##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "H4684 020054",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "C1",
+    "24",
+    "01",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*4*215#2103*#0##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "H4684 020054",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "C1",
+    "24",
+    "02",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*4*23005#2102*#0##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "H4684 020054",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "C1",
+    "25",
+    "05",
+    "01"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*4*23005#3102*#0##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "H4684 020054",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "C1",
+    "25",
+    "05",
+    "01"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {
+    "06 00 C2 17 07 00": [
+     "H4684 020054"
+    ]
+   },
+   "frame": "*4*302*#23#1##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "01",
+    "C2",
+    "17",
+    "07",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*4*303*#0##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "H4684 020054",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "C1",
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {
+    "06 00 C1 06 00 00": [
+     "H4684 020054"
+    ]
+   },
+   "frame": "*4*303*#0#2##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "02",
+    "C1",
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {
+    "06 00 C2 17 06 00": [
+     "H4684 020054"
+    ]
+   },
+   "frame": "*4*303*#23#1##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "01",
+    "C2",
+    "17",
+    "06",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*4*3101*#0##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "H4684 020054",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "C1",
+    "01",
+    "00",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {
+    "06 00 C1 01 00 00": [
+     "H4684 020054"
+    ]
+   },
+   "frame": "*4*3101*#0#1##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "01",
+    "C1",
+    "01",
+    "00",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*4*3102*#0##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "H4684 020054",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "C1",
+    "01",
+    "01",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*4*311*#0##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "C2",
+    "00",
+    "00",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*4*311*#0#2##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "02",
+    "C2",
+    "00",
+    "00",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*4*311*#1##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "H4684 020054",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "C2",
+    "01",
+    "00",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {
+    "06 00 C2 17 00 00": [
+     "H4684 020054"
+    ]
+   },
+   "frame": "*4*311*#23#1##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "01",
+    "C2",
+    "17",
+    "00",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*4*311*#99##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "H4684 020054",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "C2",
+    "63",
+    "00",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*4*3116*#0##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "H4684 020054",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "C1",
+    "01",
+    "0F",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*4*312#0210#5*#0##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "C1",
+    "09",
+    "2A",
+    "05"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*4*312#0210#5*#1##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "C1",
+    "09",
+    "2A",
+    "05"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*4*315#3101*#0##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "H4684 020054",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "C1",
+    "04",
+    "00",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*4*315#3102*#0##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "H4684 020054",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "C1",
+    "04",
+    "01",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*4*3201*#0##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "H4684 020054",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "C1",
+    "03",
+    "00",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {
+    "06 00 C1 03 00 00": [
+     "H4684 020054"
+    ]
+   },
+   "frame": "*4*3201*#0#1##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "01",
+    "C1",
+    "03",
+    "00",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*4*3202*#0##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "H4684 020054",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "C1",
+    "03",
+    "01",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*4*3216*#0##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "H4684 020054",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "C1",
+    "03",
+    "0F",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*4*33001#3102*#0##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "H4684 020054",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "C1",
+    "05",
+    "01",
+    "01"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*4*33005#3101*#0##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "H4684 020054",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "C1",
+    "05",
+    "05",
+    "00"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*4*33005#3102*#0##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "H4684 020054",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "C1",
+    "05",
+    "05",
+    "01"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "dissent": {},
+   "frame": "*4*33255#3102*#0##",
+   "gateways": [
+    "F453AV 030014",
+    "F454 020051",
+    "F459 020105",
+    "H4684 020054",
+    "MH200N 010108",
+    "MH202 010024",
+    "MyHomeServer1 028206"
+   ],
+   "telegram": [
+    "06",
+    "00",
+    "C1",
+    "05",
+    "FF",
+    "01"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "source": {
+  "generator": "scripts/oracle_who4_facts.py",
+  "ref": "f400fc67eb1abd105736a91418cafaf811be0224",
+  "repo": "OpenWebNet-HA/own-firmware-oracle",
+  "verdicts_sha256": "b9c6cc5484f31c7bc74339bf7f32d17ebd238b8181d64bb56d3f0dc2049e9231"
+ }
+}
diff --git a/tests/test_firmware_contract.py b/tests/test_firmware_contract.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b97729
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_firmware_contract.py
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+"""OWNd's WHO 4 decoding checked against what gateway firmware puts on the bus.
+
+tests/oracle/who4_facts.json holds, per WHO 4 frame, the serial telegram that
+at least two emulated BTicino/Legrand gateways sent to their SCS bus interface
+after ACKing the frame (OpenWebNet-HA/own-firmware-oracle, extracted by
+scripts/oracle_who4_facts.py; the commit is in the file). The telegram bytes
+are the firmware's own reading of the frame, so OWNd must read it the same way.
+
+Telegram grammar (consistent across MH200N, MyHomeServer1, F453AV, F454, F459,
+F460, F461, MH202, H4684):
+
+  $06 D1 <addr> 03 02 C1 <op> <a1> <a2>   central-unit command, addr = zone
+  $06 D1 <addr> 03 02 C2 <zone> <op> <a1> zone (#Z) command
+  $06 D1 <addr> 03 02 0B <speed> 00 00     fan-coil speed, addr = zone (00 and
+                                           no zone when written via the central)
+  $04 93 <zone> 30 <00|01|0F>             plain zone: heating / cooling / off
+
+  op high nibble: 0 generic, 1 heating, 2 conditioning (F: season frame)
+  op low nibble:  0 automatic   1 weekly program (a1 = P-1)
+                  2 setpoint (a1 = T*2)   3 scenario (a1 = S-1)
+                  4 holiday plan (a1 = return program - 1)
+                  5 vacation (a1 = days, a2 = return program - 1)
+                  6 off   7 protection   9 timed manual (a1 = T*2)
+
+Every telegram class in the fixture is either checked below or listed in
+NOT_DECODED with the reason, and every difference OWNd keeps on purpose is in
+KNOWN_DIFFERENCES: a new firmware fact therefore fails this test until someone
+decides what OWNd does with it.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+
+import pytest
+
+from OWNd.message import (
+    CLIMATE_MODE_OFF,
+    MESSAGE_TYPE_SEASON,
+    SEASON_CONDITIONING,
+    SEASON_HEATING,
+    OWNEvent,
+    OWNHeatingEvent,
+)
+
+FACTS = Path(__file__).resolve().parent / "oracle" / "who4_facts.json"
+DOC = json.loads(FACTS.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+
+SEASON_NIBBLE = {0x0: None, 0x1: SEASON_HEATING, 0x2: SEASON_CONDITIONING}
+
+# Telegram classes OWNd does not decode, with the reason. Adding decoding for
+# one of them means moving it from here into a rule below.
+NOT_DECODED = {
+    "C3": "central-unit date write (*#4*#0*#30*D*M*Y##): OWNd has no date decoding",
+    "C4": "central-unit time write (*#4*#0*#31*H*M##): OWNd has no time decoding",
+    "C5": "central-unit holiday end write (*#4*#0*#32*…##): not decoded by OWNd",
+}
+
+# Frames whose OWNd decoding differs from the bus on purpose: frame -> (the one
+# aspect not compared, why). Everything else about the frame is still checked.
+KNOWN_DIFFERENCES = {
+    "*4*115*#0##": (
+        "program",
+        "the frame names no return program; gateways put program 1 (index 0) on "
+        "the bus, OWNd reports program None because the frame does not state one",
+    ),
+    "*#4*1*#11*4##": (
+        "fan_speed",
+        "speed 4 is outside the specification (0 automatic, 1..3, 15 off); "
+        "gateways pass the byte through, OWNd reports no speed",
+    ),
+    "*4*312#0210#5*#1##": (
+        "zone",
+        "timed manual is a central-unit operation: gateways address the central "
+        "(addr 00) whatever zone the frame names; OWNd reports the zone written",
+    ),
+}
+
+
+def _waived(frame: str, aspect: str) -> bool:
+    return KNOWN_DIFFERENCES.get(frame, ("", ""))[0] == aspect
+
+
+def _decode(frame: str) -> OWNHeatingEvent:
+    event = OWNEvent.parse(frame)
+    assert isinstance(event, OWNHeatingEvent), f"{frame} is not a heating event"
+    return event
+
+
+def _check_operation(frame: str, event: OWNHeatingEvent, op: int, a1: int, a2: int) -> None:
+    """The parts of a central/zone command every class shares."""
+    what_frame = frame.startswith("*4*")
+    if op in (0xF0, 0xF1):
+        assert event.message_type == MESSAGE_TYPE_SEASON
+        assert event.mode is None
+        assert event.season == (SEASON_HEATING if op == 0xF0 else SEASON_CONDITIONING)
+        return
+    if what_frame:
+        # The setpoint write's season (*#4*…*#14*T*M##, M) is not reported by OWNd.
+        assert event.season == SEASON_NIBBLE[op >> 4], "season"
+    kind = op & 0x0F
+    if kind == 0x0:
+        assert event.mode not in (None, CLIMATE_MODE_OFF), "automatic"
+    elif kind == 0x1:
+        assert event.program == a1 + 1, "weekly program"
+    elif kind == 0x2:
+        assert event.set_temperature == a1 / 2, "setpoint"
+    elif kind == 0x3:
+        assert event.scenario == a1 + 1, "scenario"
+    elif kind == 0x4:
+        assert event.set_temperature is None, "holiday plan carries no temperature"
+        if not _waived(frame, "program"):
+            assert event.program == a1 + 1, "holiday return program"
+    elif kind == 0x5:
+        assert event.set_temperature is None, "vacation carries no temperature"
+        assert event.holiday_days == a1, "vacation days"
+        assert event.program == a2 + 1, "vacation return program"
+    elif kind in (0x6, 0x7):
+        assert event.mode == CLIMATE_MODE_OFF, "off / protection"
+    elif kind == 0x9:
+        assert event.set_temperature == a1 / 2, "timed manual setpoint"
+    else:
+        pytest.fail(f"{frame}: operation {op:02X} has no contract rule")
+
+
+def check(fact: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    frame, t = fact["frame"], fact["telegram"]
+    event = _decode(frame)
+    if t[0] == "04":
+        _, cls, zone, value = t
+        assert cls == "93", f"{frame}: short telegram class {cls} has no contract rule"
+        assert event.zone == int(zone, 16), "zone"
+        if value == "0F":
+            assert event.mode == CLIMATE_MODE_OFF
+        else:
+            assert event.message_type == MESSAGE_TYPE_SEASON
+            assert event.season == {"00": SEASON_HEATING, "01": SEASON_CONDITIONING}[value]
+        return
+    _, addr, cls, b1, b2, b3 = t
+    if cls in NOT_DECODED:
+        return
+    if cls == "C1":
+        if not _waived(frame, "zone"):
+            assert event.zone == int(addr, 16), "zone"
+        _check_operation(frame, event, int(b1, 16), int(b2, 16), int(b3, 16))
+    elif cls == "C2":
+        # Zone b1; zone N of a 4-zone central (#0#N) goes out as zone 0, addr N.
+        zone = int(addr, 16) if b1 == "00" and "#0#" in frame else int(b1, 16)
+        assert event.zone == zone, "zone"
+        _check_operation(frame, event, int(b2, 16), int(b3, 16), 0)
+    elif cls == "0B":
+        # Written through the central (*#4*#Z*#11*S##) the telegram goes to the
+        # central (addr 00) and carries no zone: #1 and #99 give the same bytes.
+        if not frame.startswith("*#4*#"):
+            assert event.zone == int(addr, 16), "zone"
+        if not _waived(frame, "fan_speed"):
+            assert event.fan_speed == int(b1, 16), "fan speed"
+    else:
+        pytest.fail(f"{frame}: telegram class {cls} has no contract rule")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "fact", DOC["facts"], ids=[f"{f['frame']} {' '.join(f['telegram'])}" for f in DOC["facts"]]
+)
+def test_ownd_reads_the_frame_as_the_firmware_does(fact: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    check(fact)
+
+
+def test_the_facts_are_pinned_to_an_oracle_commit() -> None:
+    source = DOC["source"]
+    assert source["repo"] == "OpenWebNet-HA/own-firmware-oracle"
+    assert len(source["ref"]) == 40
+    assert DOC["facts"], "no WHO 4 facts extracted"
+
+
+def test_every_exception_is_still_needed() -> None:
+    """A stale entry in NOT_DECODED or KNOWN_DIFFERENCES is a silent gap."""
+    classes = {f["telegram"][2] for f in DOC["facts"] if f["telegram"][0] == "06"}
+    frames = {f["frame"] for f in DOC["facts"]}
+    assert set(NOT_DECODED) <= classes
+    assert set(KNOWN_DIFFERENCES) <= frames
diff --git a/tests/test_issue_77_firmware_findings.py b/tests/test_issue_77_firmware_findings.py
index f799176..1f74b5a 100644
--- a/tests/test_issue_77_firmware_findings.py
+++ b/tests/test_issue_77_firmware_findings.py
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
     CLIMATE_MODE_COOL,
     CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT,
     CLIMATE_MODE_OFF,
+    MESSAGE_TYPE_SEASON,
     OWNCenPlusCommand,
     OWNCENPlusEvent,
     OWNCommand,
@@ -40,6 +41,8 @@
     OWNHeatingEvent,
     OWNLightingCommand,
     OWNMessage,
+    SEASON_CONDITIONING,
+    SEASON_HEATING,
 )
 
 REPO_ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
@@ -53,15 +56,15 @@
     ("mode", "what", "parsed_mode"),
     [
         (CLIMATE_MODE_OFF, 303, CLIMATE_MODE_OFF),
-        (CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT, 1, CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT),
-        (CLIMATE_MODE_COOL, 0, CLIMATE_MODE_COOL),
+        (CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT, 1, None),
+        (CLIMATE_MODE_COOL, 0, None),
         (CLIMATE_MODE_AUTO, 311, CLIMATE_MODE_AUTO),
         ("antifreeze", 102, CLIMATE_MODE_OFF),
         ("protection", 302, CLIMATE_MODE_OFF),
     ],
 )
 def test_fix1_central_mode_uses_the_who4_what_table(
-    where: str, mode: str, what: int, parsed_mode: str
+    where: str, mode: str, what: int, parsed_mode: str | None
 ) -> None:
     """Central-unit modes use WHAT 303 / 1 / 0 / 311 / 102 / 302.
 
@@ -80,12 +83,18 @@ def test_fix1_central_mode_uses_the_who4_what_table(
     Not verified: how a physical central unit reacts to them.
 
     OWNd's own parser must read each frame back as the mode that was asked for
-    (antifreeze and protection are shown as off).
+    (antifreeze and protection are shown as off). WHAT 1 / 0 are the season
+    frames: they come back as ``season`` heating / conditioning with no
+    operating mode (Legrand WHO 4 v2.0.0 p. 5, 13, 63).
     """
     command = OWNHeatingCommand.set_central_mode(where, mode)
 
     assert str(command) == f"*4*{what}*{where}##"
-    assert OWNHeatingEvent(str(command)).mode == parsed_mode
+    event = OWNHeatingEvent(str(command))
+    assert event.mode == parsed_mode
+    if what in (1, 0):
+        assert event.message_type == MESSAGE_TYPE_SEASON
+        assert event.season == (SEASON_HEATING if what == 1 else SEASON_CONDITIONING)
 
 
 def test_fix1_captured_central_unit_mode_parses_as_cooling() -> None:
@@ -96,7 +105,9 @@ def test_fix1_captured_central_unit_mode_parses_as_cooling() -> None:
     """
     event = OWNHeatingEvent("*4*0*#0##")
 
-    assert event.mode == CLIMATE_MODE_COOL
+    assert event.message_type == MESSAGE_TYPE_SEASON
+    assert event.season == SEASON_CONDITIONING
+    assert event.mode is None
     assert str(OWNHeatingCommand.set_central_mode("#0", CLIMATE_MODE_COOL)) == "*4*0*#0##"
 
 
diff --git a/tests/test_message_edges.py b/tests/test_message_edges.py
index 4d3ac4d..03179d1 100644
--- a/tests/test_message_edges.py
+++ b/tests/test_message_edges.py
@@ -196,15 +196,32 @@ def test_mode_auto_variant_315(self):
         assert isinstance(msg, OWNHeatingEvent)
         assert msg.mode == CLIMATE_MODE_AUTO
 
-    def test_mode_auto_weekly_23001(self):
+    def test_mode_holiday_23001_is_conditioning(self):
+        # Legrand WHO 4 p. 5 and p. 64: 23xxx = holiday days in conditioning
+        # mode; libqtdevices thermal_device.cpp:58 (SUM_HOLIDAY = 23000) and
+        # :258-262 (season SE_SUMMER).
         msg = OWNEvent.parse("*4*23001*1##")
         assert isinstance(msg, OWNHeatingEvent)
-        assert msg.mode == CLIMATE_MODE_AUTO
+        assert msg.mode == CLIMATE_MODE_COOL
+        assert msg.holiday_days == 1
 
-    def test_mode_auto_weekly_13001(self):
+    def test_mode_holiday_13001_is_heating(self):
+        # Legrand WHO 4 p. 5 and p. 64: 13xxx = holiday days in heating mode;
+        # libqtdevices thermal_device.cpp:68 (WIN_HOLIDAY = 13000) and
+        # :303-307 (season SE_WINTER).
         msg = OWNEvent.parse("*4*13001*1##")
         assert isinstance(msg, OWNHeatingEvent)
+        assert msg.mode == CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT
+        assert msg.holiday_days == 1
+
+    def test_mode_holiday_33004_is_generic(self):
+        msg = OWNEvent.parse("*4*33004*#0##")
         assert msg.mode == CLIMATE_MODE_AUTO
+        assert msg.holiday_days == 4
+
+    def test_holiday_days_is_none_for_other_modes(self):
+        assert OWNEvent.parse("*4*1*1##").holiday_days is None
+        assert OWNEvent.parse("*4*3101*#0##").holiday_days is None
 
     def test_unknown_mode(self):
         msg = OWNEvent.parse("*4*999*1##")
diff --git a/tests/test_message_exhaustive.py b/tests/test_message_exhaustive.py
index 44664ba..6ced1d8 100644
--- a/tests/test_message_exhaustive.py
+++ b/tests/test_message_exhaustive.py
@@ -158,8 +158,9 @@ def test_automation_states_and_commands(self) -> None:
         assert str(OWNAutomationCommand.set_shutter_level("31", 50)) == "*#2*31*#11#001*50##"
 
     def test_heating_dimensions_and_commands(self) -> None:
-        # Mode Target with temperature string (WHAT=1#0215)
-        ev_target = OWNHeatingEvent("*4*1#0215*1##")
+        # Mode Target with temperature string (WHAT=110#0215, manual heating
+        # with temperature, Legrand WHO 4 p. 23 / p. 56)
+        ev_target = OWNHeatingEvent("*4*110#0215*1##")
         assert ev_target.message_type == MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE_TARGET
         assert ev_target.set_temperature == 21.5
         assert "21.5" in ev_target.human_readable_log
diff --git a/tests/test_who4_central_status_whats.py b/tests/test_who4_central_status_whats.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8dc0890
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_who4_central_status_whats.py
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+"""WHO 4 WHAT 22/23/24/30/31 are central-unit status reports (Legrand WHO 4
+v2.0.0 p. 5, p. 24, p. 64; libqtdevices TS10_1_0_23 thermal_device.cpp:47-48
+MALFUNCTIONING_FOUND = 30, BATTERY_KO = 31)."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from OWNd.message import OWNEvent, OWNHeatingEvent
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("what", "text"),
+    [
+        (22, "at least one probe is OFF"),
+        (23, "at least one probe is in antifreeze"),
+        (24, "at least one probe is in manual mode"),
+        (30, "a failure was discovered"),
+        (31, "the central unit battery is KO"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_central_unit_status_whats_are_named(what: int, text: str):
+    msg = OWNEvent.parse(f"*4*{what}*#0##")
+    assert isinstance(msg, OWNHeatingEvent)
+    assert msg.mode is None
+    assert msg.message_type != "hvac_mode"
+    assert text in msg.human_readable_log
+    assert "unknown" not in msg.human_readable_log
+
+
+def test_other_unknown_whats_still_log_unknown():
+    msg = OWNEvent.parse("*4*999*1##")
+    assert msg.mode is None
+    assert "unknown" in msg.human_readable_log
diff --git a/tests/test_who4_f453av_traces.py b/tests/test_who4_f453av_traces.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3a413d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_who4_f453av_traces.py
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+"""WHO 4: decoding of real F453AV bus captures (central unit #0, BTicino plant).
+
+Captures: OpenWebNet-HA/OWNd#97 comment 6110745254 (@nce2704), F453AV, 2026-10-11, taken
+with the MyHOME trace export while the central unit was driven from the Freedompro app:
+
+* ``Holiday ON``      : daily holiday started on the central unit.
+* ``Holiday OFF auto``: the holiday expired by itself.
+* ``one zone to cool``: one zone switched Heat -> Cool, the whole plant follows.
+* ``Antifreeze ON`` / ``Central to OFF``: central unit modes.
+* baseline            : plant in winter, zones on the weekly program.
+
+Only the distinct WHO 4 status frames are pinned here, not the raw exports.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+
+from OWNd.message import (
+    CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT,
+    CLIMATE_MODE_OFF,
+    MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE,
+    MESSAGE_TYPE_SEASON,
+    SEASON_CONDITIONING,
+    SEASON_HEATING,
+    OWNEvent,
+    OWNHeatingEvent,
+)
+
+
+def _parse(raw: str) -> OWNHeatingEvent:
+    msg = OWNEvent.parse(raw)
+    assert isinstance(msg, OWNHeatingEvent)
+    return msg
+
+
+def test_holiday_on_report_carries_the_program_not_a_temperature():
+    # Daily holiday ON: the central answers 115#1101 (program 1), not -10.1 °C.
+    msg = _parse("*4*115#1101*#0##")
+    assert msg.message_type == MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE
+    assert msg.mode == CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT
+    assert msg.season == SEASON_HEATING
+    assert msg.program == 1
+    assert msg.set_temperature is None
+
+
+def test_holiday_expiry_restores_the_weekly_program():
+    # Holiday OFF automatically: the central broadcasts 1101, then the zone reports 111.
+    msg = _parse("*4*1101*#0##")
+    assert msg.message_type == MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE
+    assert msg.mode == CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT
+    assert msg.program == 1
+    assert msg.set_temperature is None
+    assert _parse("*4*111*#10##").mode == CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("raw", ["*4*1*3##", "*4*1*4##", "*4*1*7##"])
+def test_season_frame_next_to_a_programmed_zone_is_not_a_mode(raw):
+    # Baseline: *4*1*Z## arrives while the zone reports a weekly program (*4*111*#Z##).
+    msg = _parse(raw)
+    assert msg.message_type == MESSAGE_TYPE_SEASON
+    assert msg.season == SEASON_HEATING
+    assert msg.mode is None
+
+
+def test_central_switching_to_summer_reports_thermal_protection():
+    # One zone Heat -> Cool: the plant switches to summer and the central parks in
+    # thermal protection (*4*202*#0##), which is "off" in the conditioning season.
+    msg = _parse("*4*202*#0##")
+    assert msg.mode == CLIMATE_MODE_OFF
+    assert msg.season == SEASON_CONDITIONING
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("raw", ["*4*102*#0##", "*4*103*#0##"])
+def test_central_antifreeze_and_off_in_winter(raw):
+    msg = _parse(raw)
+    assert msg.mode == CLIMATE_MODE_OFF
+    assert msg.season == SEASON_HEATING
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("raw", ["*4*21*#0##", "*4*22*#0##"])
+def test_central_status_frames_do_not_set_a_mode(raw):
+    msg = _parse(raw)
+    assert msg.mode is None
+    assert msg.season is None
+
+
+def test_zone_off_report_does_not_claim_a_season():
+    msg = _parse("*4*303*1##")
+    assert msg.mode == CLIMATE_MODE_OFF
+    assert msg.season is None
diff --git a/tests/test_who4_holiday_plan_program.py b/tests/test_who4_holiday_plan_program.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1f6178
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_who4_holiday_plan_program.py
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+"""WHO 4: the parameter of 115#/215#/315# is a weekly program, not a temperature.
+
+Evidence: Legrand "Open Web Net Language, WHO = 4" v2.0.0 p. 56 and p. 64
+("115#parameterH", parameterH = 1101-1103); libqtdevices TS10_1_0_23
+thermal_device.cpp:241 and :286 (``values_list[DIM_PROGRAM] = msg.whatArgN(0) % 100``);
+firmware replay: ``*4*115#1102*#0##`` is ACKed by bt_termo on MyHomeServer1, F454,
+F459, F461 and F450 and forwarded as ``D1 00 03 02 C1 14 01 00`` (program byte 01,
+no temperature field), see docs in the pull request.
+"""
+
+from OWNd.message import (
+    CLIMATE_MODE_AUTO,
+    CLIMATE_MODE_COOL,
+    CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT,
+    SEASON_CONDITIONING,
+    SEASON_HEATING,
+    OWNEvent,
+    OWNHeatingCommand,
+    OWNHeatingEvent,
+)
+
+
+def test_holiday_plan_parameter_is_a_program_not_a_temperature():
+    msg = OWNEvent.parse("*4*115#1102*#0##")
+    assert isinstance(msg, OWNHeatingEvent)
+    assert msg.mode == CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT
+    assert msg.program == 2
+    assert msg.set_temperature is None
+    assert msg.message_type == "hvac_mode"
+
+
+def test_cooling_holiday_plan_parameter():
+    msg = OWNEvent.parse("*4*215#2102*#0##")
+    assert msg.mode == CLIMATE_MODE_COOL
+    assert msg.program == 2
+    assert msg.set_temperature is None
+
+
+def test_program_and_scenario_numbers_are_exposed():
+    # thermal_device.cpp:209-211: program = what - commandRange(what)
+    assert OWNEvent.parse("*4*1102*#0##").program == 2
+    assert OWNEvent.parse("*4*2102*#0##").program == 2
+    assert OWNEvent.parse("*4*3113*#0##").program == 13
+    assert OWNEvent.parse("*4*1203*#0##").scenario == 3
+    assert OWNEvent.parse("*4*3209*#0##").scenario == 9
+    assert OWNEvent.parse("*4*1*23##").program is None
+    assert OWNEvent.parse("*4*1*23##").scenario is None
+
+
+def test_manual_with_temperature_parameter_still_reads_the_temperature():
+    # Legrand WHO 4 p. 23 / p. 56: 110#T manual heating with temperature.
+    msg = OWNEvent.parse("*4*110#0215*#0##")
+    assert msg.set_temperature == 21.5
+    assert msg.message_type == "hvac_mode_target"
+    # thermal_device.cpp:378: 312#T#2 timed manual, generic mode.
+    msg = OWNEvent.parse("*4*312#0220#2*#0##")
+    assert msg.set_temperature == 22.0
+    assert msg.message_type == "hvac_mode_target"
+
+
+def test_holiday_days_parameter_is_a_program_not_a_temperature():
+    # 13DDD#P / 23DDD#P / 33DDD#P carry the program the plant resumes after the
+    # holiday, exactly like 115#P; 13005#1102 used to read as -10.2 degrees.
+    heat = OWNEvent.parse("*4*13005#1102*#0##")
+    assert heat.mode == CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT
+    assert heat.holiday_days == 5
+    assert heat.program == 2
+    assert heat.set_temperature is None
+    assert heat.message_type == "hvac_mode"
+
+    cool = OWNEvent.parse("*4*23005#2102*#0##")
+    assert cool.mode == CLIMATE_MODE_COOL
+    assert cool.holiday_days == 5
+    assert cool.program == 2
+    assert cool.set_temperature is None
+    assert cool.message_type == "hvac_mode"
+
+    auto = OWNEvent.parse("*4*33005#3102*#0##")
+    assert auto.mode == CLIMATE_MODE_AUTO
+    assert auto.holiday_days == 5
+    assert auto.program == 2
+    assert auto.set_temperature is None
+    assert auto.message_type == "hvac_mode"
+    assert "program 2" in auto.human_readable_log
+
+
+def test_set_central_holiday_round_trips_without_a_temperature():
+    command = OWNHeatingCommand.set_central_holiday(days=5, program=2)
+    assert str(command) == "*4*33005#3102*#0##"
+
+    event = OWNHeatingEvent(str(command))
+    assert event.mode == CLIMATE_MODE_AUTO
+    assert event.holiday_days == 5
+    assert event.program == 2
+    assert event.set_temperature is None
+    assert event.message_type == "hvac_mode"
+
+
+def test_holiday_days_without_a_parameter_keep_no_program():
+    msg = OWNEvent.parse("*4*13005*#0##")
+    assert msg.holiday_days == 5
+    assert msg.program is None
+    assert msg.set_temperature is None
+
+
+def test_multi_day_vacation_uses_the_generic_return_program_in_every_season():
+    # Encyclopedia WHO 4 "Vacation, program and scenario forms": the multi-day
+    # vacation commands use 3101..3103 in all three contexts (13DDD / 23DDD /
+    # 33DDD), unlike the daily holiday plan (1101..1103 / 2101..2103).
+    # 3102 used to decode as a -10.2 degree setpoint.
+    heat = OWNEvent.parse("*4*13005#3102*#0##")
+    assert (heat.mode, heat.holiday_days, heat.program) == (CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT, 5, 2)
+    assert heat.set_temperature is None
+    assert heat.message_type == "hvac_mode"
+
+    cool = OWNEvent.parse("*4*23005#3102*#0##")
+    assert (cool.mode, cool.holiday_days, cool.program) == (CLIMATE_MODE_COOL, 5, 2)
+    assert cool.set_temperature is None
+    assert cool.message_type == "hvac_mode"
+
+
+def test_multi_day_vacation_countdown_and_expiry_cycle():
+    """Verify complete multi-day vacation cycle grounded in firmware contracts.
+
+    Grounded in:
+    1. Gateway bt_termo scs2open (0x0000EC74 / 0x0000ECF8): broadcasts bare *4*%d*%s##
+       without #P parameter (13DDD / 23DDD / 33DDD).
+    2. 3550 Central Unit firmware (3550_030020.mot 0x0EF881): decrements active vacation
+       day counter via SUB.B #1, 0x2414 every midnight tick.
+    3. Expiration handler (bt_termo 0x0000D2A8): logs '<ter> Invio frame di fine ferie'
+       and broadcasts *4*%d*#0## restoring the return program.
+    """
+    # 1. Client initiates 5-day vacation command with return program 2
+    cmd = OWNEvent.parse("*4*13005#3102*#0##")
+    assert cmd.mode == CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT
+    assert cmd.season == SEASON_HEATING
+    assert cmd.holiday_days == 5
+    assert cmd.program == 2
+    assert cmd.set_temperature is None
+
+    # 2. Central unit / gateway broadcasts active vacation telemetry without #P
+    active = OWNEvent.parse("*4*13005*#0##")
+    assert active.mode == CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT
+    assert active.season == SEASON_HEATING
+    assert active.holiday_days == 5
+    assert active.program is None
+    assert active.set_temperature is None
+
+    # 3. Midnight countdown decrements across remaining days (SUB.B #1 in 3550 CU)
+    for day in (4, 3, 2, 1):
+        tick = OWNEvent.parse(f"*4*13{day:03d}*#0##")
+        assert tick.mode == CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT
+        assert tick.season == SEASON_HEATING
+        assert tick.holiday_days == day
+        assert tick.program is None
+
+    # 4. Vacation expires: central unit restores weekly program 2 via *4*1102*#0##
+    expiry = OWNEvent.parse("*4*1102*#0##")
+    assert expiry.mode == CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT
+    assert expiry.season == SEASON_HEATING
+    assert expiry.program == 2
+    assert expiry.holiday_days is None
+    assert expiry.set_temperature is None
+
+    # 5. Cooling season equivalent cycle (23DDD)
+    cool_cmd = OWNEvent.parse("*4*23005#3102*#0##")
+    assert (cool_cmd.mode, cool_cmd.season, cool_cmd.holiday_days, cool_cmd.program) == (
+        CLIMATE_MODE_COOL,
+        SEASON_CONDITIONING,
+        5,
+        2,
+    )
+    cool_active = OWNEvent.parse("*4*23005*#0##")
+    assert (cool_active.mode, cool_active.season, cool_active.holiday_days, cool_active.program) == (
+        CLIMATE_MODE_COOL,
+        SEASON_CONDITIONING,
+        5,
+        None,
+    )
+    cool_tick = OWNEvent.parse("*4*23001*#0##")
+    assert (cool_tick.mode, cool_tick.season, cool_tick.holiday_days) == (
+        CLIMATE_MODE_COOL,
+        SEASON_CONDITIONING,
+        1,
+    )
+    cool_expiry = OWNEvent.parse("*4*2102*#0##")
+    assert (cool_expiry.mode, cool_expiry.season, cool_expiry.program, cool_expiry.holiday_days) == (
+        CLIMATE_MODE_COOL,
+        SEASON_CONDITIONING,
+        2,
+        None,
+    )
+
diff --git a/tests/test_who4_season.py b/tests/test_who4_season.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2cd61b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_who4_season.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+"""WHAT 1 / 0 on WHO 4 is the season (zone operation mode), not an operating mode.
+
+Legrand WHO 4 v2.0.0 p. 5 (WHAT table: 0 conditioning mode, 1 heating mode), p. 13,
+16, 19 and 63 (zone operation mode acquire frame, listed next to the setpoint frames);
+libqtdevices TS10_1_0_23 probe_device.cpp:240-253 keeps a zone in automatic on it; the
+MyHomeServer1 translator emits it together with the dimension 12 setpoint report
+(512 of 534 dimension-12 reports in the emitted corpus).
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+from OWNd.message import (
+    CLIMATE_MODE_AUTO,
+    CLIMATE_MODE_COOL,
+    CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT,
+    CLIMATE_MODE_OFF,
+    MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE,
+    MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE_TARGET,
+    MESSAGE_TYPE_SEASON,
+    SEASON_CONDITIONING,
+    SEASON_HEATING,
+    OWNEvent,
+    OWNHeatingEvent,
+)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("frame", "season", "zone"),
+    [
+        ("*4*1*23##", SEASON_HEATING, 23),
+        ("*4*0*23##", SEASON_CONDITIONING, 23),
+        ("*4*1*#0##", SEASON_HEATING, 0),
+        ("*4*0*#0#1##", SEASON_CONDITIONING, 1),
+    ],
+)
+def test_bare_what_0_and_1_are_season_frames(frame: str, season: str, zone: int) -> None:
+    event = OWNEvent.parse(frame)
+    assert isinstance(event, OWNHeatingEvent)
+    assert event.message_type == MESSAGE_TYPE_SEASON
+    assert event.season == season
+    assert event.mode is None
+    assert event.zone == zone
+    assert event.human_readable_log == f"Zone {zone}'s season is {season}."
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("frame", "mode", "season", "message_type"),
+    [
+        ("*4*110*#1##", CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT, SEASON_HEATING, MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE),
+        ("*4*111*#1##", CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT, SEASON_HEATING, MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE),
+        ("*4*210*#1##", CLIMATE_MODE_COOL, SEASON_CONDITIONING, MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE),
+        ("*4*110#0215*#0##", CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT, SEASON_HEATING, MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE_TARGET),
+        ("*4*102*1##", CLIMATE_MODE_OFF, SEASON_HEATING, MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE),
+        ("*4*202*1##", CLIMATE_MODE_OFF, SEASON_CONDITIONING, MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE),
+        ("*4*103*1##", CLIMATE_MODE_OFF, SEASON_HEATING, MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE),
+        ("*4*1102*#0##", CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT, SEASON_HEATING, MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE),
+        ("*4*2201*#0##", CLIMATE_MODE_COOL, SEASON_CONDITIONING, MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE),
+        ("*4*311*#1##", CLIMATE_MODE_AUTO, None, MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE),
+        ("*4*303*1##", CLIMATE_MODE_OFF, None, MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE),
+        ("*4*3102*#0##", CLIMATE_MODE_AUTO, None, MESSAGE_TYPE_MODE),
+    ],
+)
+def test_season_of_mode_whats(frame: str, mode: str, season: str | None, message_type: str) -> None:
+    event = OWNHeatingEvent(frame)
+    assert event.mode == mode
+    assert event.season == season
+    assert event.message_type == message_type
+
+
+def test_non_mode_frames_have_no_season() -> None:
+    assert OWNHeatingEvent("*#4*1*0*0215##").season is None
+    assert OWNHeatingEvent("*4*21*#0##").season is None
+
+
+def test_unrecognised_whats_have_no_season() -> None:
+    for frame in (
+        "*4*150*1##",
+        "*4*1104*#0##",
+        "*4*1199*#0##",
+        "*4*13000*1##",
+        "*4*13256*1##",
+        # 0#T / 1#T: no specification form and no capture.
+        "*4*1#0215*1##",
+        "*4*0#0215*1##",
+    ):
+        event = OWNHeatingEvent(frame)
+        assert event.season is None
+        assert event.message_type is None
+        assert event.mode is None
+        assert event.set_temperature is None