diff --git a/boneset-api/saveReload.test.js b/boneset-api/saveReload.test.js
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+// Issue #482 (parent #477): Test Save and Reload.
+// Saves a complex scene, "closes" it by starting a fresh app on the same
+// storage, reloads it, and compares every image and annotation. Also covers
+// discarding unsaved changes and saves that fail.
+const fs = require("fs");
+const os = require("os");
+const path = require("path");
+const express = require("express");
+const request = require("supertest");
+const { createScenesRouter, createFileSceneStore } = require("./scenes");
+
+function buildApp(store) {
+    const app = express();
+    app.use(express.json({ limit: "6mb" }));
+    app.use("/api/scenes", createScenesRouter(store));
+    return app;
+}
+
+// A scene that uses every kind of edit the Scene Editor supports.
+function complexScene() {
+    return {
+        images: [
+            // Moved and resized, no other changes
+            { id: "img-plain", src: "data:image/png;base64,AAAA", x: 40, y: 60, width: 320, height: 240, rotation: 0 },
+            // Rotated
+            { id: "img-rotated", src: "data:image/png;base64,BBBB", x: 400, y: 20, width: 200, height: 150, rotation: 45 },
+            // Flipped both ways, negative rotation
+            {
+                id: "img-flipped", src: "data:image/png;base64,CCCC", x: 10, y: 320, width: 180, height: 180,
+                rotation: -90, flipX: true, flipY: true,
+            },
+            // Cropped
+            {
+                id: "img-cropped", src: "data:image/png;base64,DDDD", x: 250, y: 300, width: 300, height: 200,
+                rotation: 0, cropX: 25, cropY: 10, cropWidth: 150, cropHeight: 120,
+            },
+            // Imported from the legacy viewer, with decimal values
+            {
+                id: "img-legacy", src: "/api/images/ilium_image1.jpg", x: 612.5, y: 48.25, width: 235, height: 371,
+                rotation: 12.5, source: { type: "legacy-image", boneId: "ilium", filename: "ilium_image1.jpg" },
+            },
+        ],
+        annotations: [
+            {
+                id: "ann-label", type: "text", text: "Iliac crest", x: 70, y: 80, fontSize: 18, color: "#1d3557",
+                sourceImageId: "img-legacy", sourceImageFrame: { x: 612.5, y: 48.25, width: 235, height: 371 },
+            },
+            { id: "ann-label-2", type: "text", text: "Anterior superior iliac spine", x: 410, y: 190, fontSize: 14, color: "#e63946" },
+            { id: "ann-line", type: "line", points: [[100, 100], [180, 140], [220, 210]], color: "#1d3557", strokeWidth: 2 },
+            { id: "ann-region", type: "polygon", points: [[300, 320], [360, 330], [340, 400]], fill: "#ff000055", stroke: "#990000" },
+        ],
+    };
+}
+
+const IMAGE_FIELDS = [
+    "id", "src", "x", "y", "width", "height", "rotation", "flipX", "flipY",
+    "cropX", "cropY", "cropWidth", "cropHeight", "source",
+];
+const ANNOTATION_FIELDS = [
+    "id", "type", "text", "x", "y", "fontSize", "color", "points", "strokeWidth",
+    "fill", "stroke", "sourceImageId", "sourceImageFrame",
+];
+
+// Compares each object field by field, so a failure names the exact object and
+// field that changed (e.g. "img-rotated.rotation") instead of one big diff.
+function expectSameObjects(actual, expected, fields) {
+    expect(actual.map((item) => item.id)).toEqual(expected.map((item) => item.id)); // order
+    expected.forEach((want, index) => {
+        const got = actual[index];
+        for (const field of fields) {
+            expect({ object: `${want.id}.${field}`, value: got[field] })
+                .toEqual({ object: `${want.id}.${field}`, value: want[field] });
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+describe("Save and reload a complex scene - Issue 482", () => {
+    let dir;
+    let app;
+
+    // "Closing" the scene: a new app and store reading the same saved files,
+    // like restarting the server or opening the scene on another visit.
+    const reopen = (sceneId) => request(buildApp(createFileSceneStore(dir))).get(`/api/scenes/${sceneId}`);
+    const save = (sceneId, body) => request(app).put(`/api/scenes/${sceneId}`).send(body);
+
+    async function createSavedScene(name = "Pelvis Study") {
+        const created = await request(app).post("/api/scenes").send({ name });
+        const saved = await save(created.body.id, { ...complexScene(), baseUpdatedAt: created.body.updatedAt });
+        expect(saved.statusCode).toBe(200);
+        return saved.body;
+    }
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+        dir = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "bonebox-save-reload-"));
+        app = buildApp(createFileSceneStore(dir));
+    });
+
+    afterEach(() => {
+        fs.rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    });
+
+    it("reopens a saved scene successfully", async () => {
+        const saved = await createSavedScene();
+
+        const reopened = await reopen(saved.id);
+        expect(reopened.statusCode).toBe(200);
+        expect(reopened.body).toMatchObject({ id: saved.id, name: "Pelvis Study" });
+        expect(reopened.body.images).toHaveLength(5);
+        expect(reopened.body.annotations).toHaveLength(4);
+    });
+
+    it("keeps every image's position, size, orientation, crop, and order", async () => {
+        const saved = await createSavedScene();
+
+        const reopened = await reopen(saved.id);
+        expectSameObjects(reopened.body.images, complexScene().images, IMAGE_FIELDS);
+    });
+
+    it("keeps every annotation's content, position, style, and order", async () => {
+        const saved = await createSavedScene();
+
+        const reopened = await reopen(saved.id);
+        expectSameObjects(reopened.body.annotations, complexScene().annotations, ANNOTATION_FIELDS);
+    });
+
+    it("loads back exactly what was saved, with nothing added or lost", async () => {
+        const saved = await createSavedScene();
+
+        const reopened = await reopen(saved.id);
+        expect(reopened.body).toEqual(saved);
+    });
+
+    it("keeps a new layer order and edits after a second save and reload", async () => {
+        const saved = await createSavedScene();
+        const edited = complexScene();
+        edited.images.reverse();
+        edited.images[0] = { ...edited.images[0], x: 5, y: 5, rotation: 180 };
+        edited.annotations = [edited.annotations[3], edited.annotations[0], { ...edited.annotations[1], text: "ASIS" }];
+
+        const second = await save(saved.id, { ...edited, baseUpdatedAt: saved.updatedAt });
+        expect(second.statusCode).toBe(200);
+
+        const reopened = await reopen(saved.id);
+        expectSameObjects(reopened.body.images, edited.images, IMAGE_FIELDS);
+        expectSameObjects(reopened.body.annotations, edited.annotations, ANNOTATION_FIELDS);
+    });
+
+    it("keeps reloading the same content after being opened several times", async () => {
+        const saved = await createSavedScene();
+
+        const first = await reopen(saved.id);
+        const second = await reopen(saved.id);
+        const third = await reopen(saved.id);
+        expect(second.body).toEqual(first.body);
+        expect(third.body).toEqual(first.body);
+    });
+});
+
+describe("Discarding unsaved changes - Issue 482", () => {
+    let dir;
+    let app;
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+        dir = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "bonebox-save-reload-"));
+        app = buildApp(createFileSceneStore(dir));
+    });
+
+    afterEach(() => {
+        fs.rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    });
+
+    it("reopens the last saved version when edits are discarded instead of saved", async () => {
+        const created = await request(app).post("/api/scenes").send({ name: "Discard Test" });
+        const saved = await request(app).put(`/api/scenes/${created.body.id}`)
+            .send({ ...complexScene(), baseUpdatedAt: created.body.updatedAt });
+
+        // The editor changes its working copy, then the user discards it - so it's never sent.
+        const workingCopy = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(saved.body));
+        workingCopy.images[1].rotation = 270;
+        workingCopy.images.pop();
+        workingCopy.annotations[0].text = "Unsaved label";
+
+        const reopened = await request(buildApp(createFileSceneStore(dir))).get(`/api/scenes/${created.body.id}`);
+        expect(reopened.body).toEqual(saved.body);
+        expect(reopened.body.images[1].rotation).toBe(45);
+        expect(reopened.body.images).toHaveLength(5);
+        expect(reopened.body.annotations[0].text).toBe("Iliac crest");
+    });
+});
+
+describe("Failed saves leave the saved scene unchanged - Issue 482", () => {
+    let dir;
+    let app;
+    let saved;
+    let failWrites;
+
+    // Same file store, but with a switch that makes writes fail like a full
+    // disk or an unreachable database.
+    function flakyStore() {
+        const store = createFileSceneStore(dir);
+        return {
+            ...store,
+            async save(scene) {
+                if (failWrites) throw new Error("Simulated storage failure");
+                return store.save(scene);
+            },
+        };
+    }
+
+    const reopen = (sceneId) => request(buildApp(createFileSceneStore(dir))).get(`/api/scenes/${sceneId}`);
+
+    beforeEach(async () => {
+        dir = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "bonebox-save-reload-"));
+        failWrites = false;
+        app = buildApp(flakyStore());
+        const created = await request(app).post("/api/scenes").send({ name: "Failure Test" });
+        const response = await request(app).put(`/api/scenes/${created.body.id}`)
+            .send({ ...complexScene(), baseUpdatedAt: created.body.updatedAt });
+        saved = response.body;
+    });
+
+    afterEach(() => {
+        jest.restoreAllMocks();
+        fs.rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    });
+
+    it("reports an error and keeps the old version when storage fails", async () => {
+        jest.spyOn(console, "error").mockImplementation(() => {}); // the route logs the failure
+        failWrites = true;
+        const changed = { ...complexScene(), images: [], annotations: [] };
+
+        const response = await request(app).put(`/api/scenes/${saved.id}`).send({ ...changed, baseUpdatedAt: saved.updatedAt });
+        expect(response.statusCode).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(500);
+
+        const reopened = await reopen(saved.id);
+        expect(reopened.body).toEqual(saved);
+    });
+
+    it("rejects invalid content and keeps the old version", async () => {
+        const bad = complexScene();
+        bad.images[3] = { ...bad.images[3], cropWidth: 1000 }; // crop doesn't fit the image
+
+        const response = await request(app).put(`/api/scenes/${saved.id}`).send({ ...bad, baseUpdatedAt: saved.updatedAt });
+        expect(response.statusCode).toBe(400);
+
+        const reopened = await reopen(saved.id);
+        expect(reopened.body).toEqual(saved);
+    });
+
+    it("refuses a save from an out-of-date copy and keeps the newer version", async () => {
+        const newer = complexScene();
+        newer.annotations[0].text = "Saved from another tab";
+        const first = await request(app).put(`/api/scenes/${saved.id}`).send({ ...newer, baseUpdatedAt: saved.updatedAt });
+        expect(first.statusCode).toBe(200);
+
+        // A second tab still has the original version open and tries to save over it.
+        const stale = await request(app).put(`/api/scenes/${saved.id}`)
+            .send({ ...complexScene(), images: [], baseUpdatedAt: saved.updatedAt });
+        expect(stale.statusCode).toBe(412);
+
+        const reopened = await reopen(saved.id);
+        expect(reopened.body).toEqual(first.body);
+        expect(reopened.body.annotations[0].text).toBe("Saved from another tab");
+    });
+
+    it("saves normally again once storage recovers", async () => {
+        jest.spyOn(console, "error").mockImplementation(() => {});
+        failWrites = true;
+        await request(app).put(`/api/scenes/${saved.id}`).send({ ...complexScene(), baseUpdatedAt: saved.updatedAt });
+        failWrites = false;
+
+        const edited = complexScene();
+        edited.images[0].x = 999;
+        const retry = await request(app).put(`/api/scenes/${saved.id}`).send({ ...edited, baseUpdatedAt: saved.updatedAt });
+        expect(retry.statusCode).toBe(200);
+
+        const reopened = await reopen(saved.id);
+        expect(reopened.body.images[0].x).toBe(999);
+    });
+});
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