diff --git a/docs-snippets/use-cases/automated-polling.ts b/docs-snippets/use-cases/automated-polling.ts
index 731fdfe61..c188efb59 100644
--- a/docs-snippets/use-cases/automated-polling.ts
+++ b/docs-snippets/use-cases/automated-polling.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import PubNub, { PubNubError } from '../../lib/types';
+import PubNub from '../../lib/types';
 
 const pubnub = new PubNub({
   publishKey: 'demo',
@@ -7,25 +7,31 @@ const pubnub = new PubNub({
 });
 
 // snippet.automatedPollingPublishTriggeredPoll
-const pollsByReaction: Record<string, { title: string; options: { id: number; text: string }[] }> = {
-  '\u{1F621}': {
-    title: 'Which team is playing dirtiest?',
-    options: [
-      { id: 1, text: 'Home team' },
-      { id: 2, text: 'Away team' },
-    ],
-  },
-  '\u{1F389}': {
-    title: 'Whose fans are celebrating hardest?',
-    options: [
-      { id: 1, text: 'Home team' },
-      { id: 2, text: 'Away team' },
-    ],
-  },
-};
+const pollsByReaction = new Map([
+  [
+    '\u{1F621}',
+    {
+      title: 'Which team is playing dirtiest?',
+      options: [
+        { id: 1, text: 'Home team' },
+        { id: 2, text: 'Away team' },
+      ],
+    },
+  ],
+  [
+    '\u{1F389}',
+    {
+      title: 'Whose fans are celebrating hardest?',
+      options: [
+        { id: 1, text: 'Home team' },
+        { id: 2, text: 'Away team' },
+      ],
+    },
+  ],
+]);
 
-async function openPollForReaction(reaction: string) {
-  const template = pollsByReaction[reaction];
+async function openPollForReaction(reaction = '') {
+  const template = pollsByReaction.get(reaction);
 
   if (!template) {
     console.log('no poll is defined for', reaction);
@@ -46,10 +52,9 @@ async function openPollForReaction(reaction: string) {
     });
     console.log('triggered poll published at timetoken:', response.timetoken);
   } catch (error) {
+    const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
     console.error(
-      `Publishing the triggered poll failed: ${error}.${
-        (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-      }`,
+      `Publishing the triggered poll failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`,
     );
   }
 }
@@ -73,17 +78,23 @@ function shouldOpenPoll() {
 // snippet.end
 
 // snippet.automatedPollingReceiveTrigger
-type PollTrigger = { reaction: string };
-
 const triggerSubscription = pubnub.channel('game.poll-triggers').subscription({ receivePresenceEvents: false });
 
 triggerSubscription.onMessage = (event) => {
-  const trigger = event.message as PollTrigger;
+  const trigger = event.message;
+  const rawReaction =
+    typeof trigger === 'object' && trigger !== null && !Array.isArray(trigger) && 'reaction' in trigger
+      ? trigger.reaction
+      : undefined;
+
+  if (typeof rawReaction !== 'string') return;
+
+  const reaction = rawReaction;
 
-  console.log('open a poll because fans keep tapping', trigger.reaction);
+  console.log('open a poll because fans keep tapping', reaction);
 
   if (shouldOpenPoll()) {
-    void openPollForReaction(trigger.reaction);
+    void openPollForReaction(reaction);
   }
 };
 
diff --git a/docs-snippets/use-cases/fan-behavior-management.ts b/docs-snippets/use-cases/fan-behavior-management.ts
index 5e4b82e01..f9656885e 100644
--- a/docs-snippets/use-cases/fan-behavior-management.ts
+++ b/docs-snippets/use-cases/fan-behavior-management.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import PubNub, { PubNubError } from '../../lib/types';
+import PubNub from '../../lib/types';
 
 // Restricting what a fan may do is a server-side operation, so this client is
 // configured with the keyset's secret key and runs on your own infrastructure.
@@ -16,75 +16,244 @@ const fanClient = new PubNub({
   userId: 'fan-42',
 });
 
+// snippet.fanBehaviorStateStore
+import fs from 'node:fs';
+
+// A real token service tracks issued tokens and each fan's status in a database.
+// This tutorial persists the same information in a JSON file next to the script,
+// so `grant`, `mute`, `unmute`, and `ban` share state across separate `node server.js`
+// invocations without needing a database just to run the tutorial.
+const stateFilePath = new URL('./fan-state.json', import.meta.url);
+
+function loadState() {
+  try {
+    return JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(stateFilePath, 'utf8'));
+  } catch {
+    return {};
+  }
+}
+
+function saveState(state = {}) {
+  fs.writeFileSync(stateFilePath, JSON.stringify(state, null, 2));
+}
+// snippet.end
+
 // snippet.fanBehaviorGrantChatAccess
-try {
-  const token = await server.grantToken({
-    ttl: 60,
-    authorizedUserId: 'fan-42',
-    resources: {
-      channels: {
-        'game.chat': { read: true, write: true },
+async function grantChatAccess(userId = '') {
+  const state = loadState();
+  const entry = state[userId] ?? { status: 'active', tokens: [] };
+
+  if (entry.status === 'banned') {
+    console.log(`${userId} is banned, so no token was issued`);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const canWrite = entry.status !== 'muted';
+
+  try {
+    const token = await server.grantToken({
+      ttl: 60,
+      authorizedUserId: userId,
+      resources: {
+        channels: {
+          'game.chat': { read: true, write: canWrite },
+        },
       },
-    },
-  });
-  console.log('token that allows reading and writing chat:', token);
-} catch (error) {
-  console.error(
-    `Granting chat access failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
-  );
+    });
+
+    entry.status = entry.status ?? 'active';
+    entry.tokens = [...entry.tokens, { token, write: canWrite }];
+    state[userId] = entry;
+    saveState(state);
+
+    console.log(`token that allows ${canWrite ? 'reading and writing' : 'reading'} chat:`, token);
+  } catch (error) {
+    const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+    console.error(`Granting chat access failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
+  }
 }
 // snippet.end
 
 // snippet.fanBehaviorMuteFan
-try {
-  const token = await server.grantToken({
-    ttl: 15,
-    authorizedUserId: 'fan-42',
-    resources: {
-      channels: {
-        'game.chat': { read: true },
+async function muteFan(userId = '') {
+  const state = loadState();
+  const entry = state[userId] ?? { status: 'active', tokens: [] };
+
+  if (entry.status === 'banned') {
+    console.log(`${userId} is already banned, so there is nothing left to mute`);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const writableTokens = entry.tokens.filter((issued = { token: '', write: false }) => issued.write);
+  const stillValid = [];
+
+  for (const issued of writableTokens) {
+    try {
+      await server.revokeToken(issued.token);
+      console.log('revoked an outstanding writable token');
+    } catch (error) {
+      const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+      console.error(`Revoking a writable token failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
+      // Keep tracking a token you couldn't revoke, so the next mute or ban retries it.
+      stillValid.push(issued);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Record the mute before issuing anything new, so a later grant can't hand out write access.
+  entry.status = 'muted';
+  entry.tokens = [...entry.tokens.filter((issued = { token: '', write: false }) => !issued.write), ...stillValid];
+  state[userId] = entry;
+  saveState(state);
+
+  if (stillValid.length > 0) {
+    console.error(`${stillValid.length} writable token(s) are still valid. Run mute again to retry revoking them.`);
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const token = await server.grantToken({
+      ttl: 15,
+      authorizedUserId: userId,
+      resources: {
+        channels: {
+          'game.chat': { read: true },
+        },
       },
-    },
-  });
-  console.log('token that allows reading chat but not writing to it:', token);
-} catch (error) {
-  console.error(
-    `Muting the fan failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
-  );
+    });
+
+    entry.tokens = [...entry.tokens, { token, write: false }];
+    state[userId] = entry;
+    saveState(state);
+
+    console.log('token that allows reading chat but not writing to it:', token);
+  } catch (error) {
+    const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+    console.error(`Muting the fan failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
+  }
 }
 // snippet.end
 
-// snippet.fanBehaviorRevokeToken
-try {
-  const response = await server.revokeToken('replace-with-the-token-to-revoke');
-  console.log('token revoked:', response);
-} catch (error) {
-  console.error(
-    `Revoking the token failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
-  );
+// snippet.fanBehaviorUnmuteFan
+async function unmuteFan(userId = '') {
+  const state = loadState();
+  const entry = state[userId] ?? { status: 'active', tokens: [] };
+
+  // This is the one command that clears a ban as well as a mute. Calling it is always
+  // a deliberate decision by whoever operates server.js, never a side effect of anything
+  // else in this tutorial.
+  try {
+    const token = await server.grantToken({
+      ttl: 60,
+      authorizedUserId: userId,
+      resources: {
+        channels: {
+          'game.chat': { read: true, write: true },
+        },
+      },
+    });
+
+    entry.status = 'active';
+    entry.tokens = [...entry.tokens, { token, write: true }];
+    state[userId] = entry;
+    saveState(state);
+
+    console.log('token that allows reading and writing chat again:', token);
+  } catch (error) {
+    const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+    console.error(`Unmuting the fan failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
+  }
 }
 // snippet.end
 
-// snippet.fanBehaviorApplyToken
-fanClient.setToken('replace-with-the-token-your-server-returned');
+// snippet.fanBehaviorBanFan
+async function banFan(userId = '') {
+  const state = loadState();
+  const entry = state[userId] ?? { status: 'active', tokens: [] };
+
+  const stillValid = [];
+
+  for (const issued of entry.tokens) {
+    try {
+      await server.revokeToken(issued.token);
+      console.log('revoked an outstanding token');
+    } catch (error) {
+      const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+      console.error(`Revoking a token failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
+      // Keep tracking a token you couldn't revoke, so the next ban retries it.
+      stillValid.push(issued);
+    }
+  }
+
+  entry.status = 'banned';
+  entry.tokens = stillValid;
+  state[userId] = entry;
+  saveState(state);
+
+  if (stillValid.length > 0) {
+    console.error(
+      `${userId} is banned, but ${stillValid.length} token(s) are still valid. Run ban again to retry revoking them.`,
+    );
+  } else {
+    console.log(`${userId} is banned. Every outstanding token, read-only and writable, is now revoked.`);
+  }
+}
+// snippet.end
+
+// snippet.fanBehaviorServerDispatch
+const [, , command, userIdArgument] = process.argv;
+const targetUserId = userIdArgument ?? 'fan-42';
+
+if (command === 'grant') {
+  await grantChatAccess(targetUserId);
+} else if (command === 'mute') {
+  await muteFan(targetUserId);
+} else if (command === 'unmute') {
+  await unmuteFan(targetUserId);
+} else if (command === 'ban') {
+  await banFan(targetUserId);
+} else {
+  console.log('usage: node server.js <grant|mute|unmute|ban> [userId]');
+}
 // snippet.end
 
 // snippet.fanBehaviorHandleAccessDenied
 fanClient.addListener({
   status: (event) => {
-    if (event.category === 'PNAccessDeniedCategory') {
+    if (event.category === 'PNConnectedCategory') {
+      console.log('connected to game.chat');
+    } else if (event.category === 'PNAccessDeniedCategory') {
       console.log('this fan may no longer write to', event.affectedChannels);
     }
   },
 });
 // snippet.end
 
+// snippet.fanBehaviorApplyToken
+const suppliedToken = process.argv[2];
+
+if (!suppliedToken) {
+  console.error('usage: node fan.js <token>');
+  process.exit(1);
+}
+
+fanClient.setToken(suppliedToken);
+// snippet.end
+
+// snippet.fanBehaviorSubscribeAndPublish
+const subscription = fanClient.channel('game.chat').subscription();
+subscription.subscribe();
+
+try {
+  const response = await fanClient.publish({
+    channel: 'game.chat',
+    message: { text: 'Come on!' },
+  });
+  console.log('chat message published at timetoken:', response.timetoken);
+} catch (error) {
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+  console.error(`Publishing to game.chat failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
+}
+// snippet.end
+
 // snippet.fanBehaviorInspectToken
 const parsed = fanClient.parseToken('replace-with-the-token-to-inspect');
 
diff --git a/docs-snippets/use-cases/fan-re-engagement.ts b/docs-snippets/use-cases/fan-re-engagement.ts
index 04fc391c8..919f68bb5 100644
--- a/docs-snippets/use-cases/fan-re-engagement.ts
+++ b/docs-snippets/use-cases/fan-re-engagement.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
-import PubNub, { PubNubError } from '../../lib/types';
+import PubNub from '../../lib/types';
 
+// Presence monitoring and the decision to alert a fan run under their own service
+// identity, separate from any fan's own client, so this script's watcher is never
+// the same connection whose absence it is trying to detect.
 const pubnub = new PubNub({
   publishKey: 'demo',
   subscribeKey: 'demo',
@@ -14,29 +17,55 @@ try {
   });
   console.log('fans currently watching the stream:', response.totalOccupancy);
 } catch (error) {
-  console.error(
-    `Counting the fans watching failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
-  );
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+  console.error(`Counting the fans watching failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
+}
+// snippet.end
+
+// snippet.reEngagementPublishMomentAlert
+async function sendMomentAlert(userId = '') {
+  const alertChannel = `game.moment-alerts.${userId}`;
+  const moment = PubNub.notificationPayload('Injury time', 'Two minutes left, and it is still 2-2.');
+
+  moment.sound = 'default';
+  moment.apns.configurations = [{ targets: [{ topic: 'com.example.matchday' }] }];
+
+  try {
+    const response = await pubnub.publish({
+      channel: alertChannel,
+      message: {
+        ...moment.buildPayload(['apns2', 'fcm']),
+        moment: 'injury-time',
+      },
+      customMessageType: 'moment-alert',
+    });
+    console.log(`moment alert published to ${alertChannel} at timetoken:`, response.timetoken);
+  } catch (error) {
+    const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+    console.error(`Publishing the moment alert failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
+  }
 }
 // snippet.end
 
 // snippet.reEngagementCheckOneFan
-try {
-  const response = await pubnub.whereNow({ uuid: 'fan-42' });
+async function notifyIfAbsent(userId = '') {
+  try {
+    const response = await pubnub.whereNow({ uuid: userId });
 
-  if (response.channels.includes('game.stream')) {
-    console.log('fan-42 is watching, so no alert is needed');
-  } else {
-    console.log('fan-42 left the stream, so a push alert can bring them back');
+    if (response.channels.includes('game.stream')) {
+      console.log(`${userId} is still subscribed to game.stream, so no alert is needed`);
+      return;
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+    console.error(
+      `Checking where ${userId} is subscribed failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`,
+    );
+    return;
   }
-} catch (error) {
-  console.error(
-    `Checking where the fan is failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
-  );
+
+  console.log(`${userId} is not subscribed to game.stream, so sending a moment alert`);
+  await sendMomentAlert(userId);
 }
 // snippet.end
 
@@ -46,50 +75,47 @@ const streamSubscription = pubnub.channel('game.stream').subscription({ receiveP
 streamSubscription.onPresence = (event) => {
   if (event.action === 'leave' || event.action === 'timeout') {
     console.log(`${event.uuid} stopped watching, and ${event.occupancy} fans remain`);
+    void notifyIfAbsent(event.uuid);
   }
 };
 
 streamSubscription.subscribe();
 // snippet.end
 
-// snippet.reEngagementPublishMomentAlert
-const moment = PubNub.notificationPayload('Injury time', 'Two minutes left, and it is still 2-2.');
+// snippet.reEngagementFanViewer
+const viewerUserId = process.argv[2] ?? 'fan-a';
 
-moment.sound = 'default';
-moment.apns.configurations = [{ targets: [{ topic: 'com.example.matchday' }] }];
+const viewerClient = new PubNub({
+  publishKey: 'demo',
+  subscribeKey: 'demo',
+  userId: viewerUserId,
+});
 
-try {
-  const response = await pubnub.publish({
-    channel: 'game.moment-alerts',
-    message: {
-      ...moment.buildPayload(['apns2', 'fcm']),
-      moment: 'injury-time',
-    },
-    customMessageType: 'moment-alert',
-  });
-  console.log('moment alert published at timetoken:', response.timetoken);
-} catch (error) {
-  console.error(
-    `Publishing the moment alert failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
-  );
-}
-// snippet.end
+const watchSubscription = viewerClient.channel('game.stream').subscription({ receivePresenceEvents: false });
+watchSubscription.subscribe();
 
-// snippet.reEngagementRegisterForMomentAlerts
 try {
-  const response = await pubnub.push.addChannels({
-    channels: ['game.moment-alerts'],
+  const response = await viewerClient.push.addChannels({
+    channels: [`game.moment-alerts.${viewerUserId}`],
     device: 'replace-with-the-fcm-registration-token',
     pushGateway: 'fcm',
   });
-  console.log('device registered for moment alerts:', response);
+  console.log(`${viewerUserId} registered its device for game.moment-alerts.${viewerUserId}:`, response);
 } catch (error) {
-  console.error(
-    `Registering for moment alerts failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
-  );
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+  console.error(`Registering the device failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
 }
+
+const alertSubscription = viewerClient.channel(`game.moment-alerts.${viewerUserId}`).subscription();
+
+alertSubscription.onMessage = (event) => {
+  console.log(`${viewerUserId} received a moment alert:`, event.message);
+};
+
+alertSubscription.subscribe();
+
+process.on('SIGINT', () => {
+  console.log(`${viewerUserId} left game.stream, but is still reachable for a moment alert`);
+  watchSubscription.unsubscribe();
+});
 // snippet.end
diff --git a/docs-snippets/use-cases/game-chat-moderation.ts b/docs-snippets/use-cases/game-chat-moderation.ts
index fd1c314ec..f8c708623 100644
--- a/docs-snippets/use-cases/game-chat-moderation.ts
+++ b/docs-snippets/use-cases/game-chat-moderation.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import PubNub, { PubNubError } from '../../lib/types';
+import PubNub from '../../lib/types';
 
 const pubnub = new PubNub({
   publishKey: 'demo',
@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@ const pubnub = new PubNub({
   userId: 'moderator-7',
 });
 
-// Removing a message from Message Persistence is a server-side operation, so this
-// client is configured with the keyset's secret key and runs on your own infrastructure.
+// Removing a message from Message Persistence, and granting the token that lets
+// moderator.js write hide decisions to the control channel, are both server-side
+// operations, so this client is configured with the keyset's secret key and runs
+// on your own infrastructure.
 const server = new PubNub({
   publishKey: 'demo',
   subscribeKey: 'demo',
@@ -15,32 +17,66 @@ const server = new PubNub({
   userId: 'moderation-service',
 });
 
+// snippet.chatModerationGrantControlChannelAccess
+try {
+  const token = await server.grantToken({
+    ttl: 60,
+    authorizedUserId: 'moderator-7',
+    resources: {
+      channels: {
+        'game.chat': { read: true },
+        'game.chat.moderation': { read: true, write: true },
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  console.log('token that lets moderator-7 publish hide decisions:', token);
+} catch (error) {
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+  console.error(`Granting moderator access failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
+}
+// snippet.end
+
+// snippet.chatModerationApplyModeratorToken
+pubnub.setToken('replace-with-the-token-server-js-printed');
+// snippet.end
+
 // snippet.chatModerationFlagMessage
 try {
-  const response = await pubnub.addMessageAction({
-    channel: 'game.chat',
-    messageTimetoken: 'replace-with-message-timetoken',
-    action: {
-      type: 'moderation',
-      value: 'hidden',
+  const response = await pubnub.publish({
+    channel: 'game.chat.moderation',
+    message: {
+      action: 'hide',
+      messageTimetoken: 'replace-with-message-timetoken',
     },
+    customMessageType: 'moderation-hide',
+    storeInHistory: true,
   });
-  console.log('message flagged at timetoken:', response.data.actionTimetoken);
+  console.log('message flagged at timetoken:', response.timetoken);
 } catch (error) {
-  console.error(
-    `Flagging the message failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
-  );
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+  console.error(`Flagging the message failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
 }
 // snippet.end
 
 // snippet.chatModerationReceiveModerationDecisions
-const moderationSubscription = pubnub.channel('game.chat').subscription();
+const hiddenTimetokens = new Set();
+
+const moderationSubscription = pubnub.channel('game.chat.moderation').subscription();
+
+moderationSubscription.onMessage = (event) => {
+  const decision = event.message;
+  const action =
+    typeof decision === 'object' && decision !== null && !Array.isArray(decision) && 'action' in decision
+      ? decision.action
+      : undefined;
+  const messageTimetoken =
+    typeof decision === 'object' && decision !== null && !Array.isArray(decision) && 'messageTimetoken' in decision
+      ? decision.messageTimetoken
+      : undefined;
 
-moderationSubscription.onMessageAction = (event) => {
-  if (event.data.type === 'moderation' && event.data.value === 'hidden') {
-    console.log('hide the message published at', event.data.messageTimetoken);
+  if (action === 'hide' && typeof messageTimetoken === 'string') {
+    hiddenTimetokens.add(messageTimetoken);
+    console.log('hide the message published at', messageTimetoken);
   }
 };
 
@@ -48,51 +84,56 @@ moderationSubscription.subscribe();
 // snippet.end
 
 // snippet.chatModerationLoadHistoryWithFlags
-// Requesting message actions alongside the messages adds an `actions` map to each
-// entry, keyed by action type and then by action value.
-type ModeratedEntry = {
-  timetoken: string | number;
-  message: unknown;
-  actions?: Record<string, Record<string, unknown>>;
-};
-
 try {
   const response = await pubnub.fetchMessages({
-    channels: ['game.chat'],
+    channels: ['game.chat', 'game.chat.moderation'],
     count: 25,
-    includeMessageActions: true,
   });
 
-  const entries = (response.channels['game.chat'] ?? []) as ModeratedEntry[];
+  const moderationEntries = response.channels['game.chat.moderation'] ?? [];
+
+  moderationEntries.forEach((entry) => {
+    const decision = entry.message;
+    const action =
+      typeof decision === 'object' && decision !== null && !Array.isArray(decision) && 'action' in decision
+        ? decision.action
+        : undefined;
+    const messageTimetoken =
+      typeof decision === 'object' && decision !== null && !Array.isArray(decision) && 'messageTimetoken' in decision
+        ? decision.messageTimetoken
+        : undefined;
+
+    if (action === 'hide' && typeof messageTimetoken === 'string') {
+      hiddenTimetokens.add(messageTimetoken);
+    }
+  });
+
+  const chatEntries = response.channels['game.chat'] ?? [];
 
-  entries.forEach((entry) => {
-    const hidden = entry.actions?.moderation?.hidden !== undefined;
+  chatEntries.forEach((entry) => {
+    const hidden = hiddenTimetokens.has(entry.timetoken.toString());
     console.log(entry.timetoken, hidden ? '[hidden by a moderator]' : entry.message);
   });
 } catch (error) {
-  console.error(
-    `Loading the moderated history failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
-  );
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+  console.error(`Loading the moderated history failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
 }
 // snippet.end
 
 // snippet.chatModerationDeleteMessage
 try {
-  const messageTimetoken = 17000000000000000;
+  const messageTimetoken = 'replace-with-message-timetoken';
+  const start = (BigInt(messageTimetoken) - BigInt(1)).toString();
+  const end = messageTimetoken;
 
   const response = await server.deleteMessages({
     channel: 'game.chat',
-    start: (messageTimetoken - 1).toString(),
-    end: messageTimetoken.toString(),
+    start,
+    end,
   });
   console.log('message deleted from Message Persistence:', response);
 } catch (error) {
-  console.error(
-    `Deleting the message failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
-  );
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+  console.error(`Deleting the message failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
 }
 // snippet.end
diff --git a/docs-snippets/use-cases/live-commentary.ts b/docs-snippets/use-cases/live-commentary.ts
index 22ad7f894..1fe2c7588 100644
--- a/docs-snippets/use-cases/live-commentary.ts
+++ b/docs-snippets/use-cases/live-commentary.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import PubNub, { PubNubError } from '../../lib/types';
+import PubNub from '../../lib/types';
 
 const pubnub = new PubNub({
   publishKey: 'demo',
@@ -19,11 +19,8 @@ try {
   });
   console.log('commentary published at timetoken:', response.timetoken);
 } catch (error) {
-  console.error(
-    `Publishing the commentary failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
-  );
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+  console.error(`Publishing the commentary failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
 }
 // snippet.end
 
@@ -35,6 +32,14 @@ commentarySubscription.onMessage = (event) => {
   console.log(`[${event.timetoken}] ${JSON.stringify(event.message)}`);
 };
 
+pubnub.addListener({
+  status: (event) => {
+    if (event.category === 'PNConnectedCategory') {
+      console.log('connected and ready to receive commentary');
+    }
+  },
+});
+
 commentarySubscription.subscribe();
 // snippet.end
 
@@ -51,14 +56,15 @@ try {
     console.log(entry.timetoken, entry.message);
   });
 } catch (error) {
-  console.error(
-    `Loading the commentary backlog failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
-  );
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+  console.error(`Loading the commentary backlog failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
 }
 // snippet.end
 
 // snippet.liveCommentaryUnsubscribe
-commentarySubscription.unsubscribe();
+process.on('SIGINT', () => {
+  console.log('viewer shutting down, closing the commentary subscription');
+  commentarySubscription.unsubscribe();
+  process.exit(0);
+});
 // snippet.end
diff --git a/docs-snippets/use-cases/live-event-rate-limiting.ts b/docs-snippets/use-cases/live-event-rate-limiting.ts
index 1f2930ed9..87da6f1f8 100644
--- a/docs-snippets/use-cases/live-event-rate-limiting.ts
+++ b/docs-snippets/use-cases/live-event-rate-limiting.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import PubNub, { PubNubError } from '../../lib/types';
+import PubNub from '../../lib/types';
 
 const pubnub = new PubNub({
   publishKey: 'demo',
@@ -17,16 +17,13 @@ try {
     console.log(`${channel} holds ${data.occupancy} fans`);
   });
 } catch (error) {
-  console.error(
-    `Reading the shard occupancy failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
-  );
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+  console.error(`Reading the shard occupancy failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
 }
 // snippet.end
 
 // snippet.rateLimitingPickShardForFan
-async function pickShardForFan(shardCount: number, maxFansPerShard: number) {
+async function pickShardForFan(shardCount = 0, maxFansPerShard = 0) {
   const channels = Array.from({ length: shardCount }, (_, index) => `game.chat.shard-${index}`);
 
   const response = await pubnub.hereNow({ channels, includeUUIDs: false });
@@ -49,7 +46,7 @@ console.log('this fan joins', shard);
 const minimumMillisecondsBetweenMessages = 2000;
 let lastPublishedAt = 0;
 
-async function sendChatMessage(text: string) {
+async function sendChatMessage(text = '') {
   const now = Date.now();
 
   if (now - lastPublishedAt < minimumMillisecondsBetweenMessages) {
diff --git a/docs-snippets/use-cases/live-polls.ts b/docs-snippets/use-cases/live-polls.ts
index ee1a90165..aaeb050ae 100644
--- a/docs-snippets/use-cases/live-polls.ts
+++ b/docs-snippets/use-cases/live-polls.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import PubNub, { PubNubError } from '../../lib/types';
+import PubNub from '../../lib/types';
 
 const pubnub = new PubNub({
   publishKey: 'demo',
@@ -27,11 +27,8 @@ try {
   });
   console.log('poll published at timetoken:', response.timetoken);
 } catch (error) {
-  console.error(
-    `Publishing the poll failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
-  );
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+  console.error(`Publishing the poll failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
 }
 // snippet.end
 
@@ -59,11 +56,8 @@ try {
     console.log('poll that is already open:', entries[0].message);
   }
 } catch (error) {
-  console.error(
-    `Fetching the open poll failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
-  );
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+  console.error(`Fetching the open poll failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
 }
 // snippet.end
 
@@ -76,11 +70,8 @@ try {
   });
   console.log('vote published at timetoken:', response.timetoken);
 } catch (error) {
-  console.error(
-    `Publishing the vote failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
-  );
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+  console.error(`Publishing the vote failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
 }
 // snippet.end
 
@@ -98,11 +89,8 @@ try {
   });
   console.log('results published at timetoken:', response.timetoken);
 } catch (error) {
-  console.error(
-    `Publishing the results failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
-  );
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+  console.error(`Publishing the results failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
 }
 // snippet.end
 
diff --git a/docs-snippets/use-cases/match-stats.ts b/docs-snippets/use-cases/match-stats.ts
index 32e0336d1..c3880d3f1 100644
--- a/docs-snippets/use-cases/match-stats.ts
+++ b/docs-snippets/use-cases/match-stats.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import PubNub, { PubNubError } from '../../lib/types';
+import PubNub from '../../lib/types';
 
 const pubnub = new PubNub({
   publishKey: 'demo',
@@ -16,11 +16,8 @@ try {
   });
   console.log('score published at timetoken:', response.timetoken);
 } catch (error) {
-  console.error(
-    `Publishing the stat failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
-  );
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+  console.error(`Publishing the stat failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
 }
 // snippet.end
 
@@ -55,10 +52,7 @@ try {
     }
   });
 } catch (error) {
-  console.error(
-    `Fetching the current stats failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
-  );
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+  console.error(`Fetching the current stats failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
 }
 // snippet.end
diff --git a/docs-snippets/use-cases/real-time-ads.ts b/docs-snippets/use-cases/real-time-ads.ts
index 8559b9c7f..786a21e42 100644
--- a/docs-snippets/use-cases/real-time-ads.ts
+++ b/docs-snippets/use-cases/real-time-ads.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import PubNub, { PubNubError } from '../../lib/types';
+import PubNub from '../../lib/types';
 
 const pubnub = new PubNub({
   publishKey: 'demo',
@@ -15,24 +15,27 @@ try {
   });
   console.log('reaction published at timetoken:', response.timetoken);
 } catch (error) {
-  console.error(
-    `Publishing the reaction failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
-  );
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+  console.error(`Publishing the reaction failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
 }
 // snippet.end
 
 // snippet.realTimeAdsReceiveAdDecision
-type AdDecision = { adId: number; clickPoints: number };
-
 const adSubscription = pubnub.channel('game.ad-decisions').subscription({ receivePresenceEvents: false });
 
 adSubscription.onMessage = (event) => {
-  const decision = event.message as AdDecision;
+  const decision = event.message;
+  const adId =
+    typeof decision === 'object' && decision !== null && !Array.isArray(decision) && 'adId' in decision
+      ? decision.adId
+      : undefined;
+  const clickPoints =
+    typeof decision === 'object' && decision !== null && !Array.isArray(decision) && 'clickPoints' in decision
+      ? decision.clickPoints
+      : undefined;
 
-  if (decision.adId) {
-    console.log(`show ad ${decision.adId}, worth ${decision.clickPoints} points`);
+  if (adId) {
+    console.log(`show ad ${adId}, worth ${clickPoints} points`);
   } else {
     console.log('no ad to show, so clear the ad slot');
   }
@@ -42,14 +45,20 @@ adSubscription.subscribe();
 // snippet.end
 
 // snippet.realTimeAdsReceiveReactionUpgrade
-type ReactionUpgrade = { reaction: string; replacement: string };
-
 const upgradeSubscription = pubnub.channel('game.reaction-upgrades').subscription({ receivePresenceEvents: false });
 
 upgradeSubscription.onMessage = (event) => {
-  const upgrade = event.message as ReactionUpgrade;
+  const upgrade = event.message;
+  const reaction =
+    typeof upgrade === 'object' && upgrade !== null && !Array.isArray(upgrade) && 'reaction' in upgrade
+      ? upgrade.reaction
+      : undefined;
+  const replacement =
+    typeof upgrade === 'object' && upgrade !== null && !Array.isArray(upgrade) && 'replacement' in upgrade
+      ? upgrade.replacement
+      : undefined;
 
-  console.log(`render ${upgrade.reaction} as ${upgrade.replacement} from now on`);
+  console.log(`render ${reaction} as ${replacement} from now on`);
 };
 
 upgradeSubscription.subscribe();
diff --git a/docs-snippets/use-cases/real-time-chat.ts b/docs-snippets/use-cases/real-time-chat.ts
index 4345ce9a4..7af2ed4d2 100644
--- a/docs-snippets/use-cases/real-time-chat.ts
+++ b/docs-snippets/use-cases/real-time-chat.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import PubNub, { PubNubError } from '../../lib/types';
+import PubNub from '../../lib/types';
 
 const pubnub = new PubNub({
   publishKey: 'demo',
@@ -17,11 +17,8 @@ try {
   });
   console.log('channel metadata set:', response.data);
 } catch (error) {
-  console.error(
-    `Setting the channel metadata failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
-  );
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+  console.error(`Setting the channel metadata failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
 }
 // snippet.end
 
@@ -37,11 +34,8 @@ try {
   });
   console.log('fan profile set:', response.data);
 } catch (error) {
-  console.error(
-    `Setting the fan profile failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
-  );
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+  console.error(`Setting the fan profile failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
 }
 // snippet.end
 
@@ -72,11 +66,8 @@ try {
   });
   console.log('chat message published at timetoken:', response.timetoken);
 } catch (error) {
-  console.error(
-    `Publishing the chat message failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
-  );
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+  console.error(`Publishing the chat message failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
 }
 // snippet.end
 
@@ -94,11 +85,8 @@ try {
     console.log(entry.timetoken, entry.message);
   });
 } catch (error) {
-  console.error(
-    `Loading recent messages failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
-  );
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+  console.error(`Loading recent messages failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
 }
 // snippet.end
 
@@ -110,11 +98,8 @@ try {
   });
   console.log('fans in the chat:', response.totalOccupancy);
 } catch (error) {
-  console.error(
-    `Counting the fans online failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
-  );
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+  console.error(`Counting the fans online failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
 }
 // snippet.end
 
@@ -130,11 +115,8 @@ try {
   });
   console.log('reaction added at timetoken:', response.data.actionTimetoken);
 } catch (error) {
-  console.error(
-    `Adding the reaction failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
-  );
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+  console.error(`Adding the reaction failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
 }
 // snippet.end
 
diff --git a/docs-snippets/use-cases/score-alerts.ts b/docs-snippets/use-cases/score-alerts.ts
index d97b1895a..98c0dd2eb 100644
--- a/docs-snippets/use-cases/score-alerts.ts
+++ b/docs-snippets/use-cases/score-alerts.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import PubNub, { PubNubError } from '../../lib/types';
+import PubNub from '../../lib/types';
 
 const pubnub = new PubNub({
   publishKey: 'demo',
@@ -6,22 +6,32 @@ const pubnub = new PubNub({
   userId: 'fan-42',
 });
 
+// snippet.scoreAlertsEnvironmentConstant
+// Every APNs call below, device registration, the notification payload's target,
+// listing, and removal, reads this same value. An iOS device token only works in the
+// APNs environment that issued it: a development (sandbox) token comes from a
+// debug or development-signed build and only works with environment: 'development';
+// a production token comes from a TestFlight or App Store build and only works with
+// environment: 'production'. Registering with one value and publishing toward the
+// other is why a registration can succeed while the notification it's supposed to
+// produce never arrives. Change this one constant when you move from a development
+// build to a TestFlight or App Store build, rather than editing every call below.
+const APNS_ENVIRONMENT = 'development';
+// snippet.end
+
 // snippet.scoreAlertsRegisterDeviceAPNs
 try {
   const response = await pubnub.push.addChannels({
     channels: ['game.score-alerts'],
     device: 'replace-with-the-apns-device-token',
     pushGateway: 'apns2',
-    environment: 'production',
+    environment: APNS_ENVIRONMENT,
     topic: 'com.example.matchday',
   });
   console.log('iOS device registered for score alerts:', response);
 } catch (error) {
-  console.error(
-    `Registering the iOS device failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
-  );
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+  console.error(`Registering the iOS device failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
 }
 // snippet.end
 
@@ -34,11 +44,8 @@ try {
   });
   console.log('Android device registered for score alerts:', response);
 } catch (error) {
-  console.error(
-    `Registering the Android device failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
-  );
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+  console.error(`Registering the Android device failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
 }
 // snippet.end
 
@@ -46,7 +53,7 @@ try {
 const goal = PubNub.notificationPayload('Leeds score!', 'Southampton 0 - 2 Leeds');
 
 goal.sound = 'default';
-goal.apns.configurations = [{ targets: [{ topic: 'com.example.matchday' }] }];
+goal.apns.configurations = [{ targets: [{ topic: 'com.example.matchday', environment: APNS_ENVIRONMENT }] }];
 
 const payload = goal.buildPayload(['apns2', 'fcm']);
 
@@ -66,15 +73,29 @@ try {
   });
   console.log('score alert published at timetoken:', response.timetoken);
 } catch (error) {
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+  console.error(`Publishing the score alert failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`);
+}
+// snippet.end
+
+// snippet.scoreAlertsListDeviceRegistrationsAPNs
+try {
+  const response = await pubnub.push.listChannels({
+    device: 'replace-with-the-apns-device-token',
+    pushGateway: 'apns2',
+    environment: APNS_ENVIRONMENT,
+    topic: 'com.example.matchday',
+  });
+  console.log('this device receives alerts on:', response.channels);
+} catch (error) {
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
   console.error(
-    `Publishing the score alert failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
+    `Listing the device registrations failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`,
   );
 }
 // snippet.end
 
-// snippet.scoreAlertsListDeviceRegistrations
+// snippet.scoreAlertsListDeviceRegistrationsFCM
 try {
   const response = await pubnub.push.listChannels({
     device: 'replace-with-the-fcm-registration-token',
@@ -82,15 +103,32 @@ try {
   });
   console.log('this device receives alerts on:', response.channels);
 } catch (error) {
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
+  console.error(
+    `Listing the device registrations failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`,
+  );
+}
+// snippet.end
+
+// snippet.scoreAlertsRemoveDeviceRegistrationAPNs
+try {
+  const response = await pubnub.push.removeChannels({
+    channels: ['game.score-alerts'],
+    device: 'replace-with-the-apns-device-token',
+    pushGateway: 'apns2',
+    environment: APNS_ENVIRONMENT,
+    topic: 'com.example.matchday',
+  });
+  console.log('device no longer receives score alerts:', response);
+} catch (error) {
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
   console.error(
-    `Listing the device registrations failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
+    `Removing the device registration failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`,
   );
 }
 // snippet.end
 
-// snippet.scoreAlertsRemoveDeviceRegistration
+// snippet.scoreAlertsRemoveDeviceRegistrationFCM
 try {
   const response = await pubnub.push.removeChannels({
     channels: ['game.score-alerts'],
@@ -99,10 +137,9 @@ try {
   });
   console.log('device no longer receives score alerts:', response);
 } catch (error) {
+  const status = error instanceof Error && 'status' in error ? error.status : undefined;
   console.error(
-    `Removing the device registration failed: ${error}.${
-      (error as PubNubError).status ? ` Additional information: ${(error as PubNubError).status}` : ''
-    }`,
+    `Removing the device registration failed: ${error}${status ? ` Additional information: ${status}` : ''}`,
   );
 }
 // snippet.end