feat: carry DAKP prevention predicates ahead of pinned Biolink via PREDICATE_OVERRIDES

[SkyeAv]

Adds a named predicate override (biolink.PREDICATE_OVERRIDES) so DAKP can author prevents, applied_to_prevent, and contraindicated_in_the_prevention_of today: three predicates the pinned biolink-model 4.4.4 (and upstream master) do not define, two of which DAKP's assertion pipeline already documents as deferred for exactly that reason.

Predicate Override

• Vocabulary union: src/tablassert/biolink.py gains PREDICATE_OVERRIDES beside CATEGORY_OVERRIDES; _predicate_values() unions it into the model-derived related to slot hierarchy, so Predicates gains PREVENTS, APPLIED_TO_PREVENT, and CONTRAINDICATED_IN_THE_PREVENTION_OF. statement.predicate validates and emits the ordinary biolink: CURIE, and the TYPE_CHECKING stub is extended for the new members.
• Drift tripwire: test_predicate_overrides_track_the_installed_model asserts every member is still absent from the installed slot hierarchy; the moment Biolink adopts one, the suite fails and the stale name is removed, restoring fully model-derived vocabulary (same philosophy as the CATEGORY_OVERRIDES / CLASS_FIELD_OVERRIDES tripwires).

Pending Validation Gap

• Record-scoped exemption: validate_kgx's pending score (valid_excluding_pending) now forgives predicate: literal_error / predicate: enum failures only when the record's own predicate is an override member. Open-str classes (base Association, the EntityToDisease / EntityToPhenotypicFeature classes DAKP pins via category_override) accept the predicates natively and stay strictly valid; constrained vocabularies (e.g. ChemicalEntityToBiologicalProcessAssociation's exhaustive Literal, the GeneToDiseasePredicateEnum family) reject them and count as deliberate gaps, never malformed records. Strict valid is unchanged.
• Scope guard: the exemption keys on PREDICATE_OVERRIDES membership plus the failing field, so a smuggled non-Biolink predicate under the identical error shape still fails both scores; covered by an explicit control edge.

Docs

• CHANGELOG.md Unreleased entry; one-line note on the predicate row in docs/configuration/table.md.
• No DAKP fixture/config changes; downstream opts in through the existing statement.predicate field.

Testing

• uv run pytest tests/test_biolink.py tests/test_models.py tests/test_realworld_configs.py tests/test_agent_assembly.py tests/test_agent_derive.py tests/test_study.py -n 0 -q -> 254 passed, 17 skipped
• uv run pytest tests/test_lib.py -n 0 -q -k 'predicate or edge_category or demot' -> 11 passed, 246 deselected
• uv run ruff check + uv run ruff format --check on touched files -> clean
• uv run pyright src/tablassert/biolink.py tests/test_biolink.py tests/test_models.py -> 0 errors, 0 warnings

Questions for the reviewer

• Upstream issue. No biolink-model issue/PR exists yet for any of the three predicates. Acceptable to carry the local extension without one, or should filing one be a merge blocker?

[coderabbitai]

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