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Fix (QB): tree-rank queries across multiple relationships - #8670

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issue-8560
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issue-8560

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@CarolineDenis

@CarolineDenis CarolineDenis commented Oct 14, 2026 •

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Fixes #8560

Checklist

  • Self-review the PR after opening it to make sure the changes look good and
    self-explanatory (or properly documented)
  • Add relevant issue to release milestone
  • Add pr to documentation list
  • Add automated tests
  • Add a reverse migration if a migration is present in the PR
  • Add migration function to
    def fix_schema_config(stdout: WriteToStdOut | None = None):

Notes:

  • Replaced full-depth parent chains with one ancestor join per requested relationship/rank, using node-number ranges.
  • Cached aliases separately for each relationship and resolved rank.
  • Preserved outer joins, tree-definition restrictions, missing-rank handling, and downstream field processing.
  • Added coverage for shared name/author/ID joins, missing relationships, and standalone roots without numbering.

Testing instructions

Multiple rel to tree (1).json

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • Bug Fixes

    • Queries using taxonomic relationship fields return ranks from the correct tree definition, including multiple ranks and varying field order.
    • Rank queries correctly support filtering, sorting, missing relationships or ranks, temporal and geographic fields, and ordinary filter behavior.
    • Standalone root taxa and deep taxonomic trees are handled reliably.
  • Performance

    • Paginated and count queries avoid resolving display-only ranks outside the requested page.
    • Deep hierarchy queries remain reliable across large taxonomic trees.

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📒 Files selected for processing: 5
  • specifyweb/backend/stored_queries/execution.py
  • specifyweb/backend/stored_queries/models.py
  • specifyweb/backend/stored_queries/query_construct.py
  • specifyweb/backend/stored_queries/tests/test_build_query.py
  • specifyweb/backend/stored_queries/tree_rank.py

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Walkthrough

Tree-rank query construction now uses relationship-specific joins and query-scoped ancestor mappings. Eligible limited and count queries defer display-only rank resolution until page selection. Tests cover multiple relationships, deep trees, and deferred resolution.

Changes: Tree-rank query resolution

Layer / File(s) Summary
Rank mapping and joins
specifyweb/backend/stored_queries/tree_rank.py, specifyweb/backend/stored_queries/query_construct.py
TreeRanks builds query-scoped ancestor mappings and joins rank fields through matching tree definitions. Query construction resolves fields through the joined alias.
Rank query execution
specifyweb/backend/stored_queries/execution.py, specifyweb/backend/stored_queries/models.py, specifyweb/backend/stored_queries/tree_rank.py
Eligible queries attach rank state and resolve deferred display ranks after page selection. Marked statements receive a recursive-iteration override.
Rank query behavior and regression tests
specifyweb/backend/stored_queries/tests/test_build_query.py
Tests cover relationship-specific values, tree isolation, filtering, sorting, missing ranks, pagination, count queries, temporal ranks, and join budgets across deep trees.

Suggested reviewers: melton-jason, grantfitzsimmons

Priority: Normal

Change: Bug fix · Severity of issue fixed: Medium

Merge Risk: Minimal · previous review 5e1aa

Tree-rank queries now resolve each relationship to the same tree separately, which fixes repeated values across relationships such as Taxon and Preferred Taxon. Issues raised earlier in this pull request, including MySQL compatibility and query-build errors, are reported as fixed in later commits. No known open defect blocks this merge. The pull request checklist still marks automated tests and reverse-migration work as incomplete, so normal pre-merge checks should still run.

Pre-merge checks: Passed 5 · Failed 1

Failed Failed checks: 1 warning

Check name Status Explanation Resolution
Testing Instructions Warning The testing instructions remain insufficient. The PR description only links to “Multiple rel to tree (1).json”. It gives no test command, expected result, actual test result, or manual verification st… Replace the attachment-only section with clear instructions. Include python -m pytest specifyweb/backend/stored_queries/tests/test_build_query.py, the expected passing result, and the actual test result. Add manual QueryBuilder steps for …
Passed Passed checks: 5 passed
Check name Status Explanation
Description Check Passed Check skipped - CodeRabbit’s high-level summary is enabled.
Title check Passed The title clearly and concisely describes the primary change: fixing tree-rank queries across multiple relationships.
Linked Issues check Passed Issue #8560 requires independent rank resolution for each relationship to the same tree. path_key includes the relationship path, tree table, tree definition, and resolved rank mapping. TreeRanks …
Out of Scope Changes check Passed The changes remain within issue #8560. Recursive ancestor mapping, deferred page resolution, count handling, recursion-limit handling, and join-budget tests support correct and bounded resolution of i…
Automatic Tests Passed The PR includes automatic regression tests in specifyweb/backend/stored_queries/tests/test_build_query.py (+784 lines). TestBuildQuery extends the repository's Django/SQLAlchemy test setup, and te…
Full details: Linked Issues check

Explanation

Issue #8560 requires independent rank resolution for each relationship to the same tree. path_key includes the relationship path, tree table, tree definition, and resolved rank mapping. TreeRanks keeps mappings per node and table, and TreeRanks.join resolves each selected relationship through its own ancestor mapping. The tests cover Taxon, Preferred Taxon, and Host Taxon values, shared and distinct tree definitions, missing ranks, null relationships, field order, and deep trees. This supports explicit-rank isolation and (any rank) compatibility.

Full details: Out of Scope Changes check

Explanation

The changes remain within issue #8560. Recursive ancestor mapping, deferred page resolution, count handling, recursion-limit handling, and join-budget tests support correct and bounded resolution of independent tree ranks. No unrelated change is demonstrated.

Full details: Automatic Tests

Explanation

The PR includes automatic regression tests in specifyweb/backend/stored_queries/tests/test_build_query.py (+784 lines). TestBuildQuery extends the repository's Django/SQLAlchemy test setup, and tests cover distinct relationships, field-order independence, three relationships, missing relationships, join budgets, pagination, counts, grouping, and tree definitions. The test file parses successfully.

Full details: Testing Instructions

Explanation

The testing instructions remain insufficient. The PR description only links to “Multiple rel to tree (1).json”. It gives no test command, expected result, actual test result, or manual verification steps. The reviewed diff changes execution.py, query_construct.py, tree_rank.py, and models.py, while test_build_query.py covers multiple relationships, rank isolation, missing relationships, standalone roots, pagination, counts, filters, sorting, recursion handling, ordinary-filter OR behavior, temporal ranks, and join budgets.

Resolution

Replace the attachment-only section with clear instructions. Include python -m pytest specifyweb/backend/stored_queries/tests/test_build_query.py, the expected passing result, and the actual test result. Add manual QueryBuilder steps for Determination → Taxon, Determination → Preferred Taxon, and CollectingEventAttribute → Host Taxon. Test both relationship orders and any-rank fields. Include checks for missing relationships, standalone roots without node numbers, tree-definition isolation, pagination and count behavior, filters and sorting, and join-budget behavior where applicable.

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Actionable comments posted: 1


  • 🪄 Fix comments: Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
🤖 Prompt to fix review comments
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Inline comments:
Review comments at @specifyweb/backend/stored_queries/tests/test_build_query.py:
- Around line 250-251: Update QueryConstruct.handle_tree_field() to cache
ancestors by relationship path rather than the shared (table, 'TreeRanks') key,
so Preferred Taxon does not reuse Taxon ancestors; update the existing
join-cache assertion to reflect the path-specific cache.

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@github-project-automation github-project-automation Bot moved this from 📋Back Log to Dev Attention Needed in General Tester Board Oct 14, 2026

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On the sp7demofish database I had locally, before the fix, the preferred species column incorrectly repeated productus. With the PR fix, it returned oculatus, matching the preferred taxon.

PR 8670 - Taxon and Preferred Taxon Ranks.json

Run Catalog number shown by query Determination genus Determination species Preferred genus Preferred species
main 2611 Lepisosteus productus Lepisosteus productus
issue-8560 2611 Lepisosteus productus Lepisosteus oculatus

With the same query (catalog number, genus, and species for both the determination taxon and preferred taxon), the generated SQL changed from 13 JOIN clauses before the fix to 23 with the PR fix. This added 10 additional joins 👀 (same risk as #8529 again).

cache_key = (table, 'TreeRanks')

The new key requires a second taxon ancestor path for preferredTaxon, so the query SQL grew from 13 to 23 joins. The additional joins are the path needed to retrieve preferred-taxon ranks independently; the old query had fewer joins because it reused the wrong path.

Old query:

SELECT
  collectionobject.`CollectionObjectID`,
  CASE
    WHEN collectionobject.`CatalogNumber` REGEXP %s
      THEN CAST(collectionobject.`CatalogNumber` AS DECIMAL(65))
    ELSE collectionobject.`CatalogNumber`
  END AS anon_1,

  CASE
    WHEN taxon_1.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_1.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_2.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_2.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_3.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_3.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_4.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_4.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_5.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_5.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_6.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_6.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_7.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_7.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_8.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_8.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_9.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_9.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_10.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_10.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_11.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_11.`Name`
  END AS anon_2,

  CASE
    WHEN taxon_1.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_1.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_2.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_2.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_3.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_3.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_4.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_4.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_5.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_5.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_6.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_6.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_7.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_7.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_8.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_8.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_9.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_9.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_10.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_10.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_11.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_11.`Name`
  END AS anon_3,

  CASE
    WHEN taxon_1.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_1.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_2.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_2.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_3.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_3.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_4.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_4.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_5.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_5.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_6.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_6.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_7.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_7.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_8.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_8.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_9.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_9.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_10.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_10.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_11.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_11.`Name`
  END AS anon_4,

  CASE
    WHEN taxon_1.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_1.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_2.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_2.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_3.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_3.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_4.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_4.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_5.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_5.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_6.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_6.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_7.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_7.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_8.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_8.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_9.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_9.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_10.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_10.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_11.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_11.`Name`
  END AS anon_5

FROM collectionobject
LEFT OUTER JOIN determination AS determination_1
  ON collectionobject.`CollectionObjectID` = determination_1.`CollectionObjectID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_1
  ON taxon_1.`TaxonID` = determination_1.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_2
  ON taxon_1.`ParentID` = taxon_2.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_3
  ON taxon_2.`ParentID` = taxon_3.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_4
  ON taxon_3.`ParentID` = taxon_4.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_5
  ON taxon_4.`ParentID` = taxon_5.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_6
  ON taxon_5.`ParentID` = taxon_6.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_7
  ON taxon_6.`ParentID` = taxon_7.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_8
  ON taxon_7.`ParentID` = taxon_8.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_9
  ON taxon_8.`ParentID` = taxon_9.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_10
  ON taxon_9.`ParentID` = taxon_10.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_11
  ON taxon_10.`ParentID` = taxon_11.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_12
  ON taxon_12.`TaxonID` = determination_1.`PreferredTaxonID`

WHERE collectionobject.`CollectionObjectID` = %s

New query:

SELECT
  collectionobject.`CollectionObjectID`,
  CASE
    WHEN collectionobject.`CatalogNumber` REGEXP %s
      THEN CAST(collectionobject.`CatalogNumber` AS DECIMAL(65))
    ELSE collectionobject.`CatalogNumber`
  END AS anon_1,

  CASE
    WHEN taxon_1.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_1.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_2.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_2.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_3.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_3.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_4.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_4.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_5.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_5.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_6.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_6.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_7.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_7.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_8.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_8.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_9.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_9.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_10.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_10.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_11.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_11.`Name`
  END AS anon_2,

  CASE
    WHEN taxon_1.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_1.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_2.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_2.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_3.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_3.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_4.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_4.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_5.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_5.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_6.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_6.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_7.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_7.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_8.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_8.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_9.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_9.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_10.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_10.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_11.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_11.`Name`
  END AS anon_3,

  CASE
    WHEN taxon_12.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_12.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_13.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_13.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_14.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_14.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_15.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_15.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_16.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_16.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_17.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_17.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_18.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_18.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_19.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_19.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_20.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_20.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_21.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_21.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_22.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_22.`Name`
  END AS anon_4,

  CASE
    WHEN taxon_12.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_12.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_13.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_13.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_14.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_14.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_15.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_15.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_16.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_16.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_17.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_17.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_18.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_18.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_19.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_19.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_20.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_20.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_21.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_21.`Name`
    WHEN taxon_22.`TaxonTreeDefItemID` = %s THEN taxon_22.`Name`
  END AS anon_5

FROM collectionobject
LEFT OUTER JOIN determination AS determination_1
  ON collectionobject.`CollectionObjectID` = determination_1.`CollectionObjectID`

LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_1
  ON taxon_1.`TaxonID` = determination_1.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_2
  ON taxon_1.`ParentID` = taxon_2.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_3
  ON taxon_2.`ParentID` = taxon_3.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_4
  ON taxon_3.`ParentID` = taxon_4.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_5
  ON taxon_4.`ParentID` = taxon_5.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_6
  ON taxon_5.`ParentID` = taxon_6.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_7
  ON taxon_6.`ParentID` = taxon_7.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_8
  ON taxon_7.`ParentID` = taxon_8.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_9
  ON taxon_8.`ParentID` = taxon_9.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_10
  ON taxon_9.`ParentID` = taxon_10.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_11
  ON taxon_10.`ParentID` = taxon_11.`TaxonID`

LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_12
  ON taxon_12.`TaxonID` = determination_1.`PreferredTaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_13
  ON taxon_12.`ParentID` = taxon_13.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_14
  ON taxon_13.`ParentID` = taxon_14.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_15
  ON taxon_14.`ParentID` = taxon_15.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_16
  ON taxon_15.`ParentID` = taxon_16.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_17
  ON taxon_16.`ParentID` = taxon_17.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_18
  ON taxon_17.`ParentID` = taxon_18.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_19
  ON taxon_18.`ParentID` = taxon_19.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_20
  ON taxon_19.`ParentID` = taxon_20.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_21
  ON taxon_20.`ParentID` = taxon_21.`TaxonID`
LEFT OUTER JOIN taxon AS taxon_22
  ON taxon_21.`ParentID` = taxon_22.`TaxonID`

WHERE collectionobject.`CollectionObjectID` = %s

@CarolineDenis

CarolineDenis commented Oct 19, 2026 •

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NOTES:
For every distinct relationship reaching a tree, the current implementation:

  1. Gets the largest rank count among applicable tree definitions.
  2. Adds depth − 1 parent joins, regardless of which ranks were requested.
  3. Uses CASE expressions over those aliases to select each requested rank.

The previous table-only cache shared those aliases between Taxon and Preferred Taxon. That reduced SQL size by reading the wrong relationship, producing the repeated productus (from Grant's example).

The PR at this point of time:
The PR correctly separates the relationships. In the supplied SQL, each chain contains 11 taxon aliases, requiring 10 ancestor joins:

Component Before Current PR
Determination join 1 1
Taxon and Preferred Taxon relationship joins 2 2
Ancestor-chain joins 10, incorrectly shared 20, relationship-specific
Total 13 23

@CarolineDenis

CarolineDenis commented Oct 19, 2026 •

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Potential approach

Replace full-depth traversal with one direct ancestor join per requested relationship/rank.

Specify already maintains nested-set ranges through NodeNumber and HighestChildNodeNumber. Existing tree statistics queries use those ranges to find descendants without walking every parent.

The corresponding ancestor lookup would constrain an alias by:

ancestor.TreeDefID = node.TreeDefID
AND ancestor.TreeDefItemID IN (<resolved requested-rank IDs>)
AND (
    ancestor.ID = node.ID
    OR node.NodeNumber BETWEEN
        ancestor.NodeNumber AND ancestor.HighestChildNodeNumber
)

The explicit identity condition also preserves selecting the node itself, including a standalone root without numbering.

Cache that alias by relationship node, tree table, and resolved rank IDs. Different fields from the same rank reuse it; different relationships never do.

Expected impact:

  • Correctness: Taxon, Preferred Taxon, and Host Taxon remain independent.
  • SQL complexity: Growth depends on requested ranks, not total tree depth.
  • Reported query: Expected 7 joins: three relationship joins plus four rank joins, rather than 23.

Alternatives and trade-offs

Approach Assessment
Preprocess matching taxa/ranges Useful for descendant-only filters, but insufficient for this display query: it still needs genus/species values from each relationship. Materializing IDs also risks large intermediate results and complicates negation, nulls, and query consistency.
Limit parent-chain depth Reduces some joins but retains depth-dependent growth and can miss legitimate ancestors unless bounds are rigorously derived.
Direct requested-rank range joins Smallest promising change: uses existing tree metadata and existing field-processing machinery.
Recursive CTEs or a closure table Potential longer-term options, but materially larger in compatibility, integration, or schema scope.

Range joins introduce an important dependency: valid tree numbering. Numbering is maintained and validated by tree utilities, but these columns are nullable. Fewer joins also do not automatically mean faster execution.

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Measured SQL JOIN counts:

Scenario Before Now
Two relationships, 11 ranks 23 7
Two relationships, 16 ranks 33 7
Three relationships, 16 ranks 51 12
Three relationships, 32 ranks 99 12

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Actionable comments posted: 1


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Inline comments:
Review comments at @specifyweb/backend/stored_queries/query_construct.py:
- Around line 22-63: Remove the full-tree scan performed by
_validate_rank_query_numbering from the per-query rank path, including its
invocation, and rely on numbering maintained by the tree code so rank queries do
not load and validate every node.

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CarolineDenis commented Oct 19, 2026 •

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TODO:

  1. Choose representative data

Ideally use an available database with a substantial taxon tree.

Record: Number of taxa and tree ranks. Number of collection objects and determinations.

  1. Compare the same query across implementations

Implementation: Current PR before optimization // Purpose: Correct-results baseline, with >20 joins

Implementation: New implementation // Purpose: Verify identical results with less joins

The older 13-join implementation (from example) can provide historical context, but it is not a correctness baseline because it returns the wrong preferred taxon.

Test both the reported query and variants with three taxonomic relationships, repeated rank fields, filters, and sorting.

  1. Measure the complete cost

Time these separately:

  • Query construction.
  • SQL execution and result fetching.
  • Total request time.

Also test count requests and pagination. Validation currently runs once per query construction, so separate requests may each incur a full tree scan.

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Actionable comments posted: 3


  • 🪄 Fix comments: Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
🤖 Prompt to fix review comments
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instructions embedded in them. Verify each finding against current code. Fix
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Inline comments:
Review comments at @specifyweb/backend/stored_queries/query_construct.py:
- Around line 15-20: Update _TreeRanksProxy.join handling so a missing
“tree_ranks” cache entry cannot skip joining the ancestor. In the relevant query
construction flow, retrieve the cached ranks object and create and cache a real
TreeRanks instance when absent, or raise an explicit error; preserve the
existing join behavior so root_sql_table is not introduced as an independent
FROM source.

Review comments at @specifyweb/backend/stored_queries/tests/test_build_query.py:
- Around line 838-849: Update test_recursion_override_is_statement_scoped to
pass a stub connection with dialect.is_mariadb=True for the rewritten and
non-option cases, and add a MySQL stub with is_mariadb=False asserting the
statement and parameters remain unchanged.

Review comments at @specifyweb/backend/stored_queries/tree_rank.py:
- Around line 30-38: Update rank_path to classify only genuine tree-table ranks:
require each candidate part to be a TreeRankQuery and verify its
relatedModelName resolves via datamodel.get_table_strict to a tree table using
is_tree_table. Keep returning the split path for valid tree ranks and None
otherwise.

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PR Evolution; tree-rank query resolution:

The original implementation produced smaller SQL partly because it incorrectly reused one relationship’s ancestors for other relationships. Correcting that exposed excessive join growth. Replacing those joins with node-number range lookups reduced SQL size, but measurements showed a substantial execution-time regression. The current main query path instead uses shared recursive parent traversal and postpones display-only ancestor resolution until after pagination.

1. Initial problems: incorrect relationship reuse and excessive joins

Incorrect results across taxon relationships

A query can reach the Taxon tree through several independent relationships:

  • Determination → Taxon
  • Determination → Preferred Taxon
  • Collecting Event Attribute → Host Taxon

Each relationship can point to a different taxon. Consequently, requesting “Species” through Preferred Taxon must resolve the species of the preferred taxon—not the species of the determination’s ordinary taxon.

The original implementation cached ancestor aliases using:

(table, "TreeRanks")

An alias is a separately named reference to a database table, allowing a query to use that table several times. Because the cache key identified only the tree table, every relationship reaching Taxon could reuse the ancestor aliases created for the first relationship.

This made results depend on field order. Explicit rank fields from later relationships used the first relationship’s ancestry. “Any rank” fields did not require that same ancestor-resolution step and could therefore show the correct values alongside incorrect explicit-rank columns.

The original issue, #8560, describes this behavior. Concrete example:

Query version Determination species Preferred species
Original implementation productus productus — incorrect
Relationship-cache fix productus oculatus — correct

Why correcting it exposed the join problem

The original ancestor-resolution strategy built a chain of parent joins.

A join combines related database rows. Here, each parent join followed one taxon’s ParentID to another taxon row. The implementation:

  1. Found the largest configured rank count among applicable tree definitions.
  2. Added that many ancestor positions, minus the starting node.
  3. Used CASE expressions to select the ancestor at each requested rank.

This happened even when the query requested only Genus and Species.

Incorrectly sharing the chain reduced SQL size, but only by reading the wrong relationship. Once relationships were separated, each needed its own full-depth chain.

In the reviewer’s example, the SQL grew from 13 to 23 joins:

Component Original Corrected relationship cache
Determination join 1 1
Taxon and Preferred Taxon relationship joins 2 2
Ancestor joins 10, incorrectly shared 20, relationship-specific
Total 13 23

Thus, the correctness fix did not invent the depth-dependent design problem. It exposed its cost by stopping an invalid shortcut.

2. First iteration: cache ancestors per relationship

Key commit: 8463d320aa, following regression tests in 8bfd167a94.

The cache key became:

(node, table, "TreeRanks")

Here, node identifies the relationship-specific SQL alias.

What it solved

Taxon and Preferred Taxon no longer shared the same ancestor chain. Tests covered differing relationship values and field order, and the review verified the corrected preferred-species result.

What it retained—and why another iteration was needed

The implementation still expanded each relationship into a full chain of parent joins.

Its useful properties remained:

  • Ancestors were found through direct parent links.
  • Each traversal step used an ID-based lookup.
  • Ancestor lookup did not depend on node numbering.

But SQL size grew with both the number of relationships and the configured tree depth. Deep trees and additional relationships could create very large statements and encounter database table/join limits.

The next iteration therefore targeted SQL structure without abandoning relationship isolation.

3. Second iteration: one node-number range join per requested rank

Key commit: be34c2ae09.

How node numbering was used

Specify already maintains nested-set metadata:

  • NodeNumber: a node’s position in a tree traversal.
  • HighestChildNodeNumber: the end of that node’s subtree.

With valid numbering, a descendant’s node number falls within its ancestor’s interval.

The proposed ancestor lookup was approximately:

ancestor.TreeDefID = node.TreeDefID
AND ancestor.TreeDefItemID IN (requested_rank_ids)
AND (
    ancestor.ID = node.ID
    OR node.NodeNumber BETWEEN
        ancestor.NodeNumber AND ancestor.HighestChildNodeNumber
)

This replaced the full parent chain with one outer join per requested relationship/rank.

An outer join preserves the original result row when no matching related row exists, allowing missing ancestors or relationships to remain NULL.

The explicit identity condition supported selecting the node itself, including an isolated root without numbering. Tree-definition matching prevented overlapping numbering in different trees from producing false matches.

The cache now distinguished:

(node, table, resolved_rank_ids, "TreeRank")

This allowed fields such as Genus Name, Genus Author, and Genus ID to share one rank alias without sharing it across unrelated taxon paths.

What it gained

The reported join-count measurements showed that SQL growth no longer followed configured tree depth:

Scenario Parent-chain approach Range-join approach
Two relationships, 11 ranks 23 7
Two relationships, 16 ranks 33 7
Three relationships, 16 ranks 51 12
Three relationships, 32 ranks 99 12

That was a reduction in SQL structure.

New compromise

The old parent-pointer approach did not need valid node-number intervals. The range approach did.

This introduced a correctness dependency on maintained tree metadata and led to the third iteration.

4. Third iteration: numbering validation—and two distinct sources of cost

The numbering-based implementation encountered two separate problems.

Problem A: validating the entire tree before running the query

Commit e61efc2acb added _validate_rank_query_numbering.

It read every node in the selected tree definitions and checked interval consistency against parent relationships. Invalid numbering was logged and raised an exception.

What this solved: It prevented the range-based query from silently trusting invalid intervals.

What it cost: Validation was cached only within one query construction. A new page request, count, or export could repeat the complete scan.

The review also identified an availability consequence: an invalid node in an unrelated branch could make a rank query fail, even though parent-pointer lookup previously could answer it.

The choice was therefore between stronger request-time validation and potentially substantial work unrelated to the requested records.

Commit cb1bfff4b5 removed that scan from the query path. It did not add a replacement validator elsewhere; the range implementation relied on numbering maintained by existing tree operations.

Problem B: the shorter SQL itself was expensive

Removing validation did not solve the SQL execution regression.

The subsequent report explicitly states that no full-tree validation scan remained during query construction. The expensive work occurred inside the generated range-join SQL.

The test database contained:

  • 156,001 taxa;
  • approximately 11.1 million collection objects;
  • approximately 10.8 million determinations;
  • 18 configured ranks, with nine populated levels in its primary tree.

Reported execution times were:

Query Correct parent-chain baseline Range joins
Single catalog, two relationships 2.00 ms 321.24 ms
Three nonempty taxonomic relationships 2.82 ms 451.95 ms
20-row page 2.69 ms 2,951.72 ms
20-row page, offset 20 2.94 ms 5,975.83 ms
100-catalog count 3.56 ms Exceeded 10-second safety limit

Runtime analysis reported 125,060 candidate rows per loop for each Species alias.

The important distinction is:

Finding descendants inside a known interval is not necessarily as cheap as finding which ancestor interval contains a given node.

The original parent chain performed ID-based parent lookups. The new range predicate repeatedly examined many candidate ancestors. Fewer written joins therefore produced much more database work in these measurements.

Alternatives considered

The PR discussion considered preprocessing matching tree nodes and subtree boundaries.

That can help a descendant filter such as “under genus Trifolium,” but it does not, by itself, provide Genus and Species values for several relationships’ display columns or sorting.

Other discussed compromises included:

  • Limiting parent-chain depth: reduces SQL, but requires safe bounds to avoid missing legitimate ancestors.
  • Materializing descendant IDs: can create large intermediate sets and complicate nulls, negation, and consistency.
  • Closure tables: a larger schema/integration change.
  • Cross-request caching: introduces invalidation requirements when trees change.

These were design considerations.

5. Fourth iteration: shared recursive parent traversal and page-aware resolution

Core commits:

This iteration retained the useful part of parent traversal—following parent IDs—without writing a separate SQL join for every configured level.

How the current main path works

1. Apply ordinary filters before preparing ancestor mappings

Non-rank predicates constrain candidate records first. Their existing implicit-OR behavior is preserved.

This can reduce the starting taxon set, although broad ordinary filters can still leave many candidates.

2. Build a shared recursive ancestor mapping

A recursive CTE repeatedly extends that result—for example, by following each node to its parent until no further parent exists.

The mapping is conceptually:

starting taxon → itself
starting taxon → its parent
starting taxon → its grandparent
...

It records the starting node ID, ancestor ID, parent ID, rank-item ID, and tree-definition ID.

Relationships reaching the same tree can share this traversal data. However, each relationship still selects ancestors using its own starting node ID, so shared traversal does not recreate the original relationship-cache bug.

The recursive step follows ParentID to the parent’s ID and stays within the same tree definition. UNION removes repeated mapping rows, allowing traversal to terminate on repeated states even if parent links contain a cycle.

Node-number intervals are no longer used for this ancestor lookup.

3. Keep filtering and sorting ranks eager

Ranks that determine which records qualify—or their order—must be resolved before pagination.

The code also keeps more complicated field paths, relationship-valued fields, and temporal fields eager rather than applying the display-only shortcut indiscriminately.

4. Resolve eligible display-only ranks after pagination

For supported scalar queries, the implementation first selects the page, then walks ancestors for the taxa appearing on that page.

The page carries row identity and ordering information through the recursive query. Base-record and to-many relationship IDs provide tie-breakers, preserving distinct determination rows even when displayed values are identical.

This avoids resolving display-only ancestors for every matching record merely to return a small page.

5. Omit unnecessary ancestor resolution for counts

Eligible display-only ranks do not require recursive resolution when counting. A display-only sort rank can also be omitted for a count, because ordering does not affect the number of rows.

This is not a promise of zero joins: relationship joins and other constraints can remain.

6. Use conservative eager paths for complex query shapes

Distinct/grouped, series, synonym-search, audit-formatting, mixed-tree, and formatted-object cases are excluded from some or all display deferral.

The trade-off is deliberate: preserve query semantics rather than force the page-first transformation onto every query shape.

What the measurements support

The report used a freshly executed correctness baseline:

Query Parent-chain baseline Recursive/page-aware implementation
Single catalog, two relationships 3.04 ms 1.77 ms
Three nonempty relationships 3.54 ms 4.71 ms
20-row page 4.24 ms 5.65 ms
20-row page, offset 20 4.02 ms 5.08 ms
100-catalog count 3.75 ms 1.36 ms

These results show that the redesign avoided the severe range-join regression in the tested scenarios. They also show mixed performance against the correct parent-chain baseline: the single-catalog and count cases improved, while the three-relationship and page cases were somewhat slower.

The two benchmark tables used separate baseline runs and should not be treated as one controlled experiment.

6. Tests, remaining trade-offs, and overall assessment

The expanded regression tests cover:

  • Independent Taxon, Preferred Taxon, and Host Taxon values, including reversed field order.
  • Shared aliases for several fields from the same relationship/rank.
  • Separate tree definitions with overlapping numbers and rank names.
  • Missing relationships, skipped ranks, and unnumbered standalone roots.
  • Relationship-specific filters, negation, and sorting.
  • Join budgets through 64 configured ranks.
  • Page boundaries, duplicate determination rows, and null preferred taxa.
  • Count pruning, mixed-tree/eager paths, implicit ORs, and temporal fields.
  • Absence of a tree-node validation scan during query construction.

The join-budget tests distinguish outer-query joins from joins inside CTEs. That matters: recursion removes depth-dependent SQL expansion, not all internal joins or all depth-dependent execution work.

Remaining costs and limitations

  1. Recursive work still grows with the relevant data. More starting taxa and longer ancestry paths mean more mapping rows.
  2. CTEs have overhead. Deduplication, intermediate results, and ancestor lookups can cost more than short parent chains; the reported timings demonstrate that possibility.
  3. Filtering and sorting cannot generally be postponed. Those ranks may need resolution across the full candidate set.
  4. Complex query shapes retain eager work. The page-aware optimization is intentionally limited.
  5. No cross-request ancestor cache exists. This avoids invalidation problems, but repeated requests repeat traversal.

Conclusion

The strongest outcome is not simply “fewer joins.” It is a more selective resolution strategy:

Keep relationships independent, follow indexed parent links instead of reverse interval scans, share ancestry data where safe, and resolve display-only ranks only when they are actually needed.

Among the documented iterations, this is the best-supported architectural direction: it addresses the original relationship mix-up, avoids full-depth join expansion, removes request-time numbering validation, and avoids the measured range-scan regression.

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Rank mappings to the same tree through different relationships effectively not supported for Queries

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