[The-PatientZero]

Description

Brings every dependency up to date and fixes the permission settings fallback that the permission_handler update would otherwise break.

• Settings fallback after permanent denial. On Android, the updated plugin's later status query no longer reports permanent denial. The permission assistant now reads isPermanentlyDenied from the request result itself, so users are still offered the system settings.
• Plugin dependencies. The permission_handler minimum is 13.0.2. All other runtime dependencies were already current. Host apps get no new requirements.
• Example app packages. flutter_svg 2.3.2, cupertino_icons 2.0.0 and google_fonts 9.0.0, plus the locked indirect packages. The remaining older indirect packages are pinned by the Flutter SDK.
• Example moved to material_ui. google_fonts 9 is built on Flutter's new standalone material_ui package, so the example's imports were migrated with the official fix (dart fix --apply --code=migrate_design_widgets). The example now requires Flutter 3.47 or newer (CI already uses 3.47.0), and CONTRIBUTING.md says so. The plugin itself still uses package:flutter/material.dart.
• Android build tools. Gradle 9.8.2, Android Gradle Plugin 9.5.0 and Kotlin 2.4.21 for the example and native test lanes. The new gradle-wrapper.jar matches Gradle's published SHA-256. The example's AndroidX core overrides are 1.19.1.
• Housekeeping. ios/locus/.build/ (SwiftPM output of the plugin package) is ignored.

Please merge this PR as a whole. The permission fix and the version bump depend on each other.

Note for host apps that move to material_ui: LocusDebugOverlay still uses Flutter's built-in material library. It needs MaterialUiCompatibilityBridge until the plugin migrates.

Type of Change

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Chore / Documentation / Refactor

Native Changes

• Android (Java/Gradle)
• iOS (Swift/Podspec)
• Dart/Flutter only

Testing Checklist

• flutter analyze passes
• flutter test passes (Unit Tests)
• cd example && flutter build apk --debug (Android Build)
• cd example && flutter build ios --no-codesign --debug (iOS Build)
• Verified on physical device (required for background/geolocation testing)

Also run:

• Android. Unit tests and lint pass. ConfigSnapshotInstrumentation passes on an API 36 emulator with the new build tools.
• iOS. Swift tests pass under both module names.
• Example app. It launched on the emulator after the material_ui move, and its home screen matches main's build pixel for pixel.

New unit tests in test/unit/core/permission_assistant_test.dart cover permanent denial, ordinary denial and delegate errors. The permission dialog flow has not been checked on a physical device.

Screenshots / Diagnostics

N/A

Checklist

• I have followed the Contributing Guidelines.
• My code follows the style guidelines of this project.
• I have performed a self-review of my own code.
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas.
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation.
• My changes generate no new warnings.
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works.
• New and existing unit tests pass locally with my changes.
• Any dependent changes have been merged and published in downstream modules.

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