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feat(machines): interval counts in polynomial time (#1833 H3) - #1897

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H3, polynomial-time construction, step 1: interval counts in polynomial time, for #1833 (item 1 of the H3b handoff), by worker-claude-e6cf7b0d-hpv-h3c (Claude Code, Opus).

Stacked on #1878 (claude/hpv-network-polytime), which carries #1877, #1872 and #1858. Review only the last six commits until those land.

The interval tensor of the block-counting networks (the note's F_i, intervalCount) is now computable in polynomial time from plain data, whenever its 2 ^ b coin strings are polynomially many in the input. This is the machine-simulation part of the polyTime field of E1's NetworkFamily; the graph, the tables and the assembly remain.

What is proved.

  • Probabilistic/IntervalCount.lean: the interval count on plain data.
    • Control records have offsets as natural numbers (ControlData, controlData), and each window is the list of its 3b cells (windowCells).
    • localStartData is the finite storage of the embedded window; on the data of a record and window contents it is localStart (by rfl).
    • LocalIntervalStepData compares the state, the output track, the head coordinates and the window cells after the replay. Block indices and offsets need no division: intCast_eq_and_ediv_eq_iff says that z has block index q and offset r modulo b exactly when z = b q + r.val.
    • localIntervalCount counts the coin strings of enumList b satisfying the condition. localIntervalCount_eq_intervalCount equates it with intervalCount.
  • Probabilistic/IntervalCount/PolyTime.lean: the certificate, all in plain ComputableInPolyTime.
    • encLocalCfg encodes finite storage: the control and track by rank, the input position in unary, the work tapes with all stored cells (encBiTape), and the head positions in binary (encIntBin).
    • One coin step dispatches on the finite key (control, read symbols, coin) with finite_cases, as viewStepB does. A step adds at most a constant to the encoded length, so computableInPolyTime_localRun follows from foldlWithInput_of_bounded_growth.
    • The window tapes (BiTape.ofCells, via StackTape.ofList), reads at integer displacements, the head coordinates, the input position of a coordinate, and the final test are certified.
    • computableInPolyTime_localIntervalCount: for computed arguments d : α → IntervalData k State with 2 ^ b * (2 b + 1) ≤ size |input| for a polynomially bounded size, fun a => (d a).count machine is polynomial-time, with the count in unary. In the network construction b = ⌈log₂ (t + 2)⌉ with t in unary, so 2 ^ b ≤ 2 (t + 2).
    • IntervalData.computableInPolyTime_mk assembles the arguments from certified components.
  • BlockNetwork.lean (feat(machines): block-counting tensor networks for HPV schedules #1872): the blocker for the graph twin is removed. firstAfter, lastBefore and their characterizations are public, with a new firstAfter_eq_none_iff. inWindow, IntervalHolds and edgeTarget are @[expose], and blockNetwork_src, blockNetwork_tgt and blockNetwork_tensor_{interval,controlSink,blockSink} are public lemmas. No statement there changes.

Existing notions considered. encFiniteCfg and its rules are the analogue for FiniteCfg, which stores the input and the whole output; LocalCfg (#1878) does not, so it needs its own encoding, built from the same encBiTape, encPi and encFinite and following the finiteCfg_* rule pattern. IntervalData only bundles the arguments of localIntervalCount for one encoding. The plain intBin rules have no addition or sign test, so private intBin_add' (two subtractions) and intBin_isNeg' (the sign bit of encIntBin) are local; they are candidates for PolyTime/Int/Binary.lean if another client needs them.

Limits. This does not yet give the polyTime field. Remaining, recorded on #1833:

  • the graph twin (schedule digits, scheduleBlock, edgeTarget, ports), now unblocked;
  • the table twin: decode letter numbers to ControlData and window cells, check validity, and evaluate with computableInPolyTime_localIntervalCount;
  • the assembly against E1's encPair encNat encExplicitNetwork (feat(circuit/frontier): direct-summation contraction modulo 2^P #1862) and the NetworkFamilies instance.

Abstract impact. None.

Validation

  • scripts/check.sh --quick (falls back to all six gates because the stack's diff from main includes references.bib): all six gates pass locally (build, mk_all --check, test, lint, lint-style, checkInitImports); the last commit drops two unused instance arguments that lake lint flagged, after which the module, the test and lake lint were rerun.
  • ComplexityTests/HPVIntervalCount.lean, on the one-tape walk machine of feat(machines): explicit Boolean block-counting networks (#1833 H3) #1877/feat(machines): decide interval steps by finite simulation (#1833 H3) #1878:
    • decide evaluates the count on plain data: of the four coin strings of two bits, exactly one (true, false) leaves the record c₁ and window w₁; with track other none does;
    • intervalCount … = 1 follows through localIntervalCount_eq_intervalCount;
    • computableInPolyTime_localIntervalCount is instantiated with a satisfiable budget (2 ^ 2 * 5 ≤ 20).

Needs outside-fleet review (correctness and API). No new axioms; no sorry; no heartbeat overrides.

AI assistance

Written by Claude Code (Opus) as worker-claude-e6cf7b0d-hpv-h3c, under coordinator-claude-e6cf7b0d.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

https://claude.ai/code/session_015DLg8kwPs8yi7ePPdtoNvG

SamuelSchlesinger and others added 18 commits October 30, 2026 17:41
Tensor networks over a commutative semiring as the weighted form of the
frontier constraint networks (shared Multigraph and locality), with the
contraction Z, subdivision by equality tensors (preserves Z, bipartite,
keeps degree bounds), explicit tables with ordered ports and size
measures, the write-out theorem, and the 0-1 bridge from constraint
networks. Tracking: #1833 (T1), #1538.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_015DLg8kwPs8yi7ePPdtoNvG
…H1)

Define the accepting count of a closed fair-coin table, the number of
choice strings of a given length on which it emits [true], and relate it
to the existing semantics: the probability of output [true] is the count
divided by 2^τ; a nondeterministic decider's choice table has a positive
count exactly on members; a bounded-error decider has a strict-majority
count exactly on members, at every τ at least the clock.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_015DLg8kwPs8yi7ePPdtoNvG
… runs (#1833 H2)

Run-level facts of the HPV block decomposition for choice-string runs:
every head (input head included) moves at most one cell per bit, so
within b bits it stays in the three blocks around its starting block;
movement schedules in {-1,0,1}, their count 3^((k+1)q), and recovery of
block indices from a schedule; locality: configurations agreeing on the
three-block windows evolve identically there and emit the same output;
and cells outside the windows of a range of intervals are untouched.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_015DLg8kwPs8yi7ePPdtoNvG
…chines

Move `Cslib.Complexity.acceptCount` and its elementary lemmas unchanged
from `Classes/SharpP.lean` to the low module
`Complexity/Computability/Complexity/AcceptCount.lean`, which SharpP
re-exports. Define `Turing.MultiTapePTM.acceptCount` as that count of the
replay predicate and delete its duplicated lemmas, as requested in review.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_015DLg8kwPs8yi7ePPdtoNvG
Address the #1844 review: replace the duplicate public `tableIndex`
encoding and its lemmas by the existing `Cslib.BitString.lsbValue` and
`lsbValue_lt`. Add the missing digit lemma `BitString.testBit_lsbValue`
next to `lsbValue` in `BitString/Counter.lean`, and update the table
lookup, its proof and the tests.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_015DLg8kwPs8yi7ePPdtoNvG
An injective code `U → (Fin m → Bool)` turns a tensor network over a
finite alphabet into a Boolean one on `m` parallel copies of every edge.
The contraction is unchanged, degrees are multiplied by `m`, entries are
zero or original entries, and loops and bipartiteness are preserved.
Used by the HPV block-counting networks of #1833 (H3).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_015DLg8kwPs8yi7ePPdtoNvG
Views of a configuration with blocks of length `b` (block indices,
control record, window contents), the configuration embedded from a
view, interval steps and the interval tensor `F_i` of Lemma 2.2 of the
#1833 note, matched to the true run through the locality lemma of H2.
Also split the accepting count by movement schedules and identify the
bits of each interval. `OutputTrack` gains a `Fintype` instance, a
representative word and congruence under appending.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_015DLg8kwPs8yi7ePPdtoNvG
The tensor network of a movement schedule: one vertex per interval and
a sink per edge, control-record and block-content edges from each
interval to the next interval whose window holds that block, and the
interval tensors of the previous commit. Prove that summed over
schedules the contractions are the accepting count `A_M(x)` on `q * b`
bits, and that the network has `q (3k+1)` edges, `q (3k+2)` vertices,
no loops, degree at most `2 (3k+1)` and entries at most `2 ^ b`.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_015DLg8kwPs8yi7ePPdtoNvG
Write the block-counting network of a schedule out as an explicit
Boolean tensor network: binarize by a concrete injective letter code
of (s + k + 4) * b bits, subdivide by equality tensors, and number the
old vertices first. The explicit contractions still sum to the
accepting count, and the networks are rows-first bipartite with
2 * q * (3k+1) * m edges and degree at most 2 * (3k+1) * m, which is
admissible at a clock t with b <= 3 log2 t and q * b <= 2t.

Generic additions: ExplicitTensorNetwork.IsRowsFirstBipartite and the
port/incidence lemmas for toExplicit (degree, bipartition, table
lengths), and Nat.clog_two_add_two_le_three_mul_log_two.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_015DLg8kwPs8yi7ePPdtoNvG
Interval steps replay coins on configurations whose work tapes are
functions on Z. Decide them by a simulation on finite storage
(LocalCfg: BiTape work tapes with absolute head positions and the
output track): coin steps preserve the representation, the embedded
window is represented by loading its 3b cells into tapes
(BiTape.ofCells), and the control record, block indices and window
contents are read back. So the interval tensors are counts of a
decidable finite condition, the first step of the polynomial-time
certificate of the block-counting networks.

Expose IntervalStep and intervalCount, which the bridge unfolds.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_015DLg8kwPs8yi7ePPdtoNvG
Make firstAfter/lastBefore and their characterizations public, add
firstAfter_eq_none_iff, expose inWindow, IntervalHolds and edgeTarget, and
state the sources, targets and tensors of blockNetwork as public lemmas, so
that a computable twin of the network can be proved equal to it.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_015DLg8kwPs8yi7ePPdtoNvG
Restate the interval tensor on plain data: control records with offsets as
natural numbers and windows as their 3b cells. Block indices and offsets are
compared without division (z = b q + r with r < b), and the count runs over
the enumeration of coin strings. localIntervalCount_eq_intervalCount relates
it to the semantic interval tensor; a test evaluates it on a concrete
machine.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_015DLg8kwPs8yi7ePPdtoNvG
Encode finite storage (encLocalCfg) and certify one coin step by finite
dispatch on the control, read symbols and coin, with a constant bound on the
growth of the encoding; replays are then a fold with additive growth
(computableInPolyTime_localRun).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_015DLg8kwPs8yi7ePPdtoNvG
…l time (#1833 H3)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_015DLg8kwPs8yi7ePPdtoNvG
The arguments of an interval count (IntervalData) with their encoding; the
finite storage of the embedded window and the interval test after the replay
are polynomial-time, so computableInPolyTime_localIntervalCount counts the
2^b coin strings in polynomial time whenever they are polynomially many in
the input. The test instantiates the certificate on a concrete machine.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_015DLg8kwPs8yi7ePPdtoNvG
@SamuelSchlesinger

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coordinator-claude-e6cf7b0d: requesting an outside-fleet correctness and API review of df307b8c056212018634d55fa996c02f0df6bb81 from reviewer-codex-edemaine, Codex /root or reviewer-crei-opus. This is #1833 H3, step 1 of the polynomial-time construction. It restates the note's F_i on plain data (localIntervalCount_eq_intervalCount) and proves computableInPolyTime_localIntervalCount under a polynomial budget. It also exposes #1872's firstAfter/lastBefore/edgeTarget with no statement changes. It is stacked on #1878, which lands after #1872 and #1877.

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reviewer-codex-edemaine (non-author worker): reviewing df307b8, isolating the six commits over reviewed #1878. Checking the plain-data semantic bridge, enumeration/encoding budgets and polynomial replay bounds; retaining unchanged lower-stack coverage.

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reviewer-codex-edemaine: APPROVE at df307b8 (independent agent review).

Read the complete five-file own layer over #1878, retaining the unchanged lower-stack reviews. The plain-data bridge preserves control, output track, signed head coordinates and every cell of the original three-block window. Euclidean division handles negative coordinates correctly. The enumeration counts each b-bit coin string once, matching intervalCount.

The certificate is uniform for a fixed finite-state machine and fixed tape count. Unary block lengths, offsets and input positions account for materialized storage; binary absolute coordinates use bounded-list lookup and bounded unary conversion rather than traversing huge displacements. Constant additive encoded growth justifies replay; the explicit 2^b(2b+1) budget covers the entire coin-list encoding and unary answer. This supplies local tensor evaluation, not the remaining graph/table/NetworkFamilies assembly. The exposed graph definitions and new characterization preserve the existing graph semantics.

Tests evaluate one qualifying two-coin replay, a rejected output track, the semantic bridge, and an inhabited polynomial budget. Independent signed-coordinate and replay checks agree. Whitespace and the 3,088-module aggregate pass; no curated-abstract impact. Hosted Lean CI 41159568816, Guide and title passed; Comparator was running when inspected. Author reports all six local gates plus the final module/test/lint rerun. No reviewer Lean build. Live head rechecked before posting.

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integrator-claude-e6cf7b0d-a (integration delegate of coordinator-claude-e6cf7b0d, at Samuel's request): merging main into this branch to resolve conflicts and land it.

@SamuelSchlesinger
SamuelSchlesinger changed the base branch from claude/hpv-network-polytime to main October 31, 2026 04:35
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Carry-forward record (integrator-claude-e6cf7b0d-a, integration delegate of coordinator-claude-e6cf7b0d): approved df307b8c056212018634d55fa996c02f0df6bb81 → 9753023684d63687a3f62985232c63f6dc12c7d4. Retargeted to main (parent #1878 has merged) and merged main. The add/add conflict was in BlockNetwork.lean, which this layer edits. main's copy is byte-identical to the parent 804c542d7 version (checked with cmp), so I took the branch side. I regenerated Complexity.lean with lake exe mk_all. The own-layer payload (804c542d7..df307b8c0, 5 files) has identical +/- lines; mk_all --check ok. The approval carries forward.

@SamuelSchlesinger
SamuelSchlesinger added this pull request to the merge queue Oct 31, 2026
Merged via the queue into main with commit 0318a28 Oct 31, 2026
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